Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in pregnant women in Suva, Fiji.

Mathai, E; Mathai, Matthews; Baravilala, Wame; Schramm, Mary

doi:10.1136/sti.74.4.305

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…trachomatis. Between 1980 and 2000, pregnant women attending antenatal clinics had a C. trachomatis prevalence of over 17% across six PICTs in seven studies; the highest prevalence estimates were reported in Fiji (50%), Samoa (31%), Tahiti (24%), New Caledonia (20%), Vanuatu (22%), and PNG (18%) [4,[31][32][33][34][35][36] (Table 1). From 2000, five studies reported prevalence estimates among pregnant Pacific Islanders.…”

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Data On Stis Among Pacific Islander...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N. gonorrhoeae. Before 2000, gonorrheal prevalence among pregnant women in PICTs ranged from <1% to 9% (Table 1) [3,4,[31][32][33][34]. Since 2000, the prevalence of gonorrhea has continued to trend lower than chlamydia but has not decreased; the prevalence across seven PICTs, including Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and PNG, ranged from 2% to 14%, with the highest prevalence in PNG [6,10,37,38].…”

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Data On Stis Among Pacific Islander...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV. The majority of studies up to the early 2000s found an HIV prevalence of zero to <1% among Pacific Islanders, including men and pregnant and nonpregnant women (Table 2) [6,31,32,34,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. The highest HIV prevalence was found among men and women attending an emergency department in PNG (18%) followed by FSW (10%) who had more than a 10-fold higher HIV prevalence than the general population [40,62].…”

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Data On Stis Among Pacific Islander...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even with the increase in syphilis testing over the past few decades, testing capabilities in PICTs are not uniform and often inadequate [33,70]. Several PICTs use nontreponemal tests, such as a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL) tests, for initial screening, and additional confirmatory treponemal tests like the T. pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test, when available [31,32,34,40]. Since 2017, syphilis testing has undergone significant improvement due to an increase in point-of-care (POC) tests, such as Standard Diagnostics Bioline HIV/Syphilis test, an immunochromatographic assay for the detection of antibodies, and nationwide efforts across PICTs [71].…”

Section: Historical and Current Approaches To Sti Testing In Pictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other barriers to testing include the lack of healthcare personnel to collect the samples and patients' unwillingness to be tested due to perceived stigma and/or lack of acceptability of anogenital and anorectal screening, particularly among FSW and MSM [31,32,42,48]. Therefore, what is currently known about the epidemiology of sexually transmitted C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in PICTs comes from select populations, such as young pregnant women or FSW, and small research studies where the costs of testing were borne by foreign investigators [3,4,6,10,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43]47,48].…”

Section: Historical and Current Approaches To Sti Testing In Pictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region—A narrative review and call to action

et al. 2023

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The Pacific Island countries of the Western Pacific Region have some of the highest rates of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in the world. Despite this, there are few research studies that include Pacific Islanders. We conducted a narrative review of original research and surveys, including World Health Organization and Pacific Community reports, to determine the prevalence, management, and treatment of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae compared to HIV and syphilis from 1980 to 2022. Available epidemiologic data on C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae indicated an extremely high prevalence—approximately 30% and 13%, respectively—among Pacific Islanders during this timeframe. These neglected sexually transmitted infections represent a significant burden and health disparity. Robust epidemiologic research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors for designing interventions and control strategies. Appropriate policies along with regional and international advocacy and aid are required to improve reproductive health among these vulnerable, understudied populations to avert preventable infections and sequelae.

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Section: Prevalence and Incidence Data On Stis Among Pacific Islander...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Data On Stis Among Pacific Islander...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence and Incidence Data On Stis Among Pacific Islander...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical and Current Approaches To Sti Testing In Pictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical and Current Approaches To Sti Testing In Pictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region—A narrative review and call to action

et al. 2023

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Differential development of antibiotic resistance and virulence betweenAcinetobacterspecies

Darby,

Moran,

Holden

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The two species that account for most cases ofAcinetobacter-associated bacteraemia in the UK areAcinetobacter lwoffii, often a commensal but also an emerging pathogen, andA. baumannii, a well-known antibiotic-resistant species. While these species both cause similar types of human infection and occupy the same niche,A. lwoffii(unlikeA. baumannii) has thus far remained susceptible to antibiotics. Comparatively little is known about the biology ofA. lwoffiiand this is the largest study on it conducted to date, providing valuable insights into its behaviour and potential threat to human health.This study aimed to explain the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, and fundamental biological differences between these two species. The relative susceptibility ofA. lwoffii, was explained as it encoded fewer antibiotic resistance and efflux pump genes thanA. baumannii(9 and 30 respectively). While both species had markers of horizontal gene transfer,A. lwoffiiencoded more DNA defence systems and harboured a far more restricted range of plasmids. Furthermore,A. lwoffiidisplayed a reduced ability to select for antibiotic resistance mutations, form biofilm and infect bothin vivoandin vitromodels of infection.This study suggests that the emerging pathogenA. lwoffiihas remained susceptible to antibiotics because mechanisms exist to make it highly selective about the DNA it acquires, and we hypothesise that the fact that it only harbours a single RND system restricts the ability to select for resistance mutations. This provides valuable insights into how development of resistance can be constrained in Gram negative bacteria.ImportanceAcinetobacter lwoffiiis often a harmless commensal but is also an emerging pathogen and is the most common cause ofAcinetobacter-derived blood stream infections in England and Wales. In contrast to the well-studied, and often highly drug resistantA. baumannii,A. lwoffiihas remained susceptible to antibiotics. This study explains why this organism has not evolved resistance to antibiotics. These new insights are important to understand why and how some species develop antibiotic resistance, while others do not and could inform future novel treatment strategies.

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in pregnant women in Suva, Fiji.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region—A narrative review and call to action

Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region—A narrative review and call to action

Differential development of antibiotic resistance and virulence betweenAcinetobacterspecies

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