Prevalence of severe carotid artery stenosis and its association with echocardiographic parameters in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Abstract

This study demonstrated that the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis is 5-10- fold higher than in the general population. All patients in a chronic hemodialysis program should be screened for carotid artery stenosis for prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.

Changes in cerebral oxygenation during hemodialysis before and after carotid artery stenting

“…In patients undergoing HD, the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis is approximately 6% to 10%, which is 5- to 10- fold higher than that of the general population [2] , [3] , [4] . Regarding the efficacy of carotid revascularization in stenosis, the threshold for achieving surgical benefit in asymptomatic patients with at least a 3-year life expectancy and stenosis >60% is recommended not to exceed 3% in the perioperative stroke and death rate [ 6 , 9 ].…”

“…Cerebrovascular disease is the fourth leading cause of death, which occupies 6.0%, and its prevention is critical in the field of dialysis therapy in Japan [1] . Furthermore, in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), diabetes mellitus and hypertension resulting in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-mineral and bone metabolism disorders are frequently associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and could lead to the high prevalence of carotid artery stenosis [2] , [3] , [4] . Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is considered feasible and effective for the prevention of cerebrovascular disease because of the recent favorable findings of carotid revascularization, including CAS, for the dialysis patients with carotid artery stenosis [ 5 , 6 ].…”