Prevalence of serological markers and risk factors for bloodborne pathogens in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil

Matos, Sócrates Bezerra de; Jesus, André Luis Santos Roque de; Pedroza, Kelly Cristine Moura Costa; Sodre, H. R. S.; Ferreira, Tatiana; Lima, Fernanda W. M.

doi:10.1017/s0950268812000386

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Other authors have reported that sexual transmission seems to be an important HBV transmission route in areas of low endemicity 19,25,26 . In the current study, however, unprotected sex with multiple partners and previous STDs were not signifi cantly associated with HBV infection in the adjusted analysis, even though previous STDs were associated in the bivariate analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among recyclable waste collectors in central Brazil

Marinho

Lopes

Teles

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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introduction:The collection of recyclable waste materials is a widespread activity among the urban poor. Today, this occupation attracts an increasingly large number of individuals. Despite its economic and environmental importance, this activity is associated with unsafe and unhealthy working conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiological profi le of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a population of recyclable waste collectors in central Brazil. Methods: Recyclable waste collectors from all 15 recycling cooperatives in Goiânia City were invited to participate in the study. The participants (n = 431) were interviewed and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HBsAg-and anti-HBc-positive samples were tested for HBV DNA and genotyped. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV infection (HBsAg-and/or anti-HBc-positive) was 12.8%. An age over 40 years and illicit drug use were associated with HBV infection. HBV DNA was detected in 2/3 HBsAg-positive samples and in 1/52 anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative samples (an occult HBV infection rate of 1.9%), in which the genotypes/subgenotypes A/A1, D/D3 and F/F2 were identifi ed. Only 12.3% of the recyclable waste collectors had serological evidence of previous HBV vaccination. Conclusions: These fi ndings highlight the vulnerability of recyclable waste collectors to HBV infection and reinforce the importance of public health policies that address the health and safety of this socially vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among recyclable waste collectors in central Brazil

Marinho

Lopes

Teles

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Risk factors for HIV infection in the general population of Brazil have been evaluated in several studies . Sexual transmission is the cause of the majority of HIV/AIDS cases in Brazil, with almost half of infections attributable to unprotected sex among men who have sex with other men (MSM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among Brazilian blood donors: a multicentre case–control study using audio computer‐assisted structured interviews

et al. 2013

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Background Although risk factors for HIV infection are known, it is important for blood centers to understand local epidemiology and disease transmission patterns. Current risk factors for HIV infection in blood donors in Brazil were assessed. Methods A case-control study was conducted at large public blood centers located in four major cities between April 2009 – March 2011. Cases were persons whose donations were confirmed positive by enzyme immunoassays followed by Western Blot confirmation. Audio computer-assisted structured-interviews (ACASI) were completed by all cases and controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results There were 341 cases, including 47 with recently-acquired infection, and 791 controls. Disclosed risk factors for both females and males were sex with an HIV-positive person (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 11.3, 95% CI [4.1, 31.7]) and being an IVDU or sexual partner of an IVDU (AOR 4.65 [1.8, 11.7]). For female blood donors, additional risk factors were having male sex partners who also are MSM (AOR 13.5 [3.1, 59.8]), and having unprotected sex with multiple sexual partners (AOR 5.19 [2.1, 12.9]). The primary risk factor for male blood donors was MSM activity (AOR 21.6 [8.8, 52.9.]). Behaviors associated with recently-acquired HIV were being a MSM or sex partner of MSM (13.82, [4.7, 40.3]), and IVDU (11.47, [3.0, 43.2]). Conclusion Risk factors in blood donors parallel those in the general population in Brazil. Identified risk factors suggest that donor compliance with selection procedures at the participating blood centers is inadequate.

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“…As a result, the risk of infection is higher. Each injection exposes the needle to blood and only one infected injection is needed to spread the infection among individuals who use shared instruments (1)(2)(3)(4). There is no problem if the needle is only used for one person.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of viral transmission is depends on the route of transmission, the type of virus, and the immune level of the exposed person (4,5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The most common routes of transmission for each virus includes: sexual intercourse (common for HBV, HIV and less common for HCV); sharing injecting equipment (efficient for HBV, HCV and HIV); skin puncture by bloodcontaminated sharp instruments (e. g., via a shared needle); and, the splashing of infected fluids to the mucous membranes (1,4,8,13). The overall risk of contracting HBV, HCV, and HIV, which can transmit by an infected patient to a healthcare worker (HCW ), are 30%, 3%, and 0.3%, respectively (2,4,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common routes of transmission for each virus includes: sexual intercourse (common for HBV, HIV and less common for HCV); sharing injecting equipment (efficient for HBV, HCV and HIV); skin puncture by bloodcontaminated sharp instruments (e. g., via a shared needle); and, the splashing of infected fluids to the mucous membranes (1,4,8,13). The overall risk of contracting HBV, HCV, and HIV, which can transmit by an infected patient to a healthcare worker (HCW ), are 30%, 3%, and 0.3%, respectively (2,4,13). But, these rates differ for tattooed people in different countries (1, 6, 8, 10, 14-22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood-Borne Infections in Tattooed People

et al. 2016

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Background: Tattoos are associated with blood-borne infections that result from viruses such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This association is equally evident among people without major risk factors and among those with major risk factors like injected drug users (IDUs). Objectives: In this study we evaluated all tattooed patients admitted to our hospital (the Boo-Ali hospital in southeastern Iran) between February 2006 to January 2015. Patients and Methods: The patients enrolled in our study were admitted to infectious disease wards for different illnesses (e. g., Pneumonia, Sepsis, Tuberculosis, etc.).We only studied the patients who agreed to be included in our study. When we found at least one tattooed area, regardless of its size, we took a blood sample and tested it for the presence of HIV, HBV, and HCV. Results: Among the 63 patients with tattoos (21% female, 79% male, age range:16 to 79-years-old), four patients (6.3%) tested positive for HBsAg and PCR-HBV, seven patients (11%) tested positive for HCV, and five (7.9%) tested positive for HIV. The last group consisted in IDUs and all five had several tattooed areas on their bodies. Conclusions: Upon our results, tattooed people even with a small size of tattoo on the body are more at risk for HCV, HBV, and HIV infection.

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Prevalence of serological markers and risk factors for bloodborne pathogens in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among recyclable waste collectors in central Brazil

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among recyclable waste collectors in central Brazil

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among Brazilian blood donors: a multicentre case–control study using audio computer‐assisted structured interviews

Blood-Borne Infections in Tattooed People

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