Prevalence of Self-Medication of Psychoactive Stimulants and Antidepressants among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Twelve Pakistani Cities

Abbas, Asad; Ahmed, Farrukh Rafiq; Yousuf, Rabia Ismail; Khan, Nabeel; Nisa, ZU; Ali, SI; Rizvi, Meher; Sabah, Arif; Tanwir, Sidra

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v14i3.23

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Further to this, the use of CNS stimulants among households in Saudi Arabia was reported at 16 % a decade ago [20]. In this context, a study conducted among pharmacy students of Karachi, Pakistan reported a prevalence of psychoactive stimulants use of around 8 % [21]. The encouraging point that can be considered from this finding is the percentage of students who mentioned using methylphenidate was a minute 2.3 %.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Determinants of academic stress and stress-related selfmedication practice among undergraduate male pharmacy and medical students of a tertiary educational institution in Saudi Arabia

Al-Shagawi¹,

Ahmad²,

Naqvi³

et al. 2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Determinants of academic stress and stress-related selfmedication practice among undergraduate male pharmacy and medical students of a tertiary educational institution in Saudi Arabia

Al-Shagawi¹,

Ahmad²,

Naqvi³

et al. 2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…The mean age of the students and the male to female ratio reported in the study represents the characteristic Pakistani pharmacy education environment which is dominated by females. 21,22 The prevalence rate reported for migration intention was quite high i.e. 94.06% (91.72% -95.90% for 95% CI) as compared to the studies reporting migration intention among medical students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration Trends of Pharmacy Students of Pakistan: A Study Investigating the Factors Behind Brain Drain of Pharmacy Professionals from Pakistan

Naqvi¹,

Zehra²,

Naqvi³

et al. 2017

IJPER

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Background: Pakistan has witnessed a rise in the migration of professionals from the country in the last few years eventually leading to a brain drain. It is believed that the pharmacy students of Pakistan are ingrained with migration tendency. This study aimed to find out the factors influencing the trend, country of choice and reasons for migration. The study also looked into hurdles anticipated by the students during and after migration. Methods: A cross sectional study of 5 month duration was conducted in 3 cities of Pakistan targeting pharmacy students with a survey questionnaire. A total of 539 responses were gathered and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, cross tabs and chi square test were used. Results: The prevelance of emigration was found to be 94.06% (91.72% -95.90% for 95% CI). The mean value of level of urgency was reported at 6.42/10 (SD 2.49). Lack of infrastructure for pharmacists and security issues in the country were major push factors for Pakistan (41.4%). Tough pharmacy license exam was reported as a major push factor for developed countries (21%). Family ties (46.2%) and desire to serve the country (33.6%) were major pull factors of Pakistan. More employment opportunities (24.7%) and lucrative salary (17.8%) were major pull factors for developed countries. USA was chosen as the most favored country for migration (24.9%) followed by Canada (21.9%). Conclusion: The pharmacy students appeared more poised to emigrate from Pakistan with high urgency. This idea was supported by pull factors of developed countries and push factors of Pakistan however, pull factors of Pakistan appeared promising in reducing the level of brain drain but it was unclear as to what extent this could overcome migration tendency.

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“…Self-medication with anti-fungal (N = 1), corticosteroids (N = 2), anti-acne, i.e., Isotretenoin (N = 1), and anti-emetic i.e., ondansetron (N = 2), CNS stimulants i.e., methylphenidate (N = 1) and anti-spasmodic, i.e., mebavarine (N = 1) was also reported. The prevalence of depression and psychoactive stimulants use in pharmacy students of Pakistan was reported at 1.31% [ 12 , 28 ]. Previous studies conducted in Saudi Arabia found a number of students indulged in substance abuse, especially abuse of such products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previous studies have reported that this population is also affected by the same practice [ 12 , 13 ]. A number of studies have been conducted in Saudi academia pertaining to the matter that reported a varying prevalence of SM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Self-Medication among Students of Pharmacy and Medicine Colleges of a Public Sector University in Dammam City, Saudi Arabia

2017

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Pharmacy and medical students are expected to be more knowledgeable regarding rational use of medications as compared to the general public. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of pharmacy and medicine colleges of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in Dammam, Saudi Arabia using a survey questionnaire. The duration of the study was six months. The aim was to report self-medication prevalence of prescription and non-prescription drugs among pharmacy and medical students. The prevalence of self-medication in the pharmacy college was reported at 19.61%. Prevalence of self-medication at the medical college was documented at 49.3%. The prevalence of multivitamin use was reported at 30.53%, analgesics; 72.35%, antihistamines; 39.16%, and antibiotic use at 16.59%. The prevalence of anti-diarrheal medicines and antacids use among students was found to be 8.63% and 6.64%, respectively. The variable of college and study year was statistically associated with the nature of the medicines. The most common justifications given by students indulging in self-medication were ‘mild problems’ and ‘previous experience with medicines’. Our study reported that prevalence of self-medication in the College of Clinical Pharmacy was low, i.e., 19.61%. The figure has been reported for the first time. Students were mostly observed self-medicating with OTC drugs, however, some reported using corticosteroids and isotretenoin, which are quite dangerous if self-medicated. Students have a positive outlook towards pharmacists as drug information experts.

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Prevalence of Self-Medication of Psychoactive Stimulants and Antidepressants among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Twelve Pakistani Cities

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Determinants of academic stress and stress-related selfmedication practice among undergraduate male pharmacy and medical students of a tertiary educational institution in Saudi Arabia

Determinants of academic stress and stress-related selfmedication practice among undergraduate male pharmacy and medical students of a tertiary educational institution in Saudi Arabia

Migration Trends of Pharmacy Students of Pakistan: A Study Investigating the Factors Behind Brain Drain of Pharmacy Professionals from Pakistan

Prevalence of Self-Medication among Students of Pharmacy and Medicine Colleges of a Public Sector University in Dammam City, Saudi Arabia

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