Prevalence of selected cardiometabolic risk factors among adults in urban and semi-urban hospitals in four sub-Saharan African countries

Kingué, Samuel; Rakotoarimanana, Solofonirina; Rabearivony, Nirina; Bompera, Francois Lepira

doi:10.5830/cvja-2016-072

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…A study among urban and rural settlers in a Ghanaian population found an increased cardiometabolic risk factors among urban settlers due to their increased sedentary and unhealthy dietary habits [ 7 ]. In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension followed by obesity was the commonly known cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the general adult population [ 8 ]. Obesity and overweight are associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk; however, this may vary significantly by age, dietary habits, gender, and even among participants with morbid obesity [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Wrist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Type II Diabetics in a Ghanaian Population

Obirikorang

Acheampong

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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The study determined the association of wrist circumference (WrC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with cardiometabolic risk factors among diabetics in a Ghanaian population. This cross-sectional study involved 384 diabetic patients at Begoro District Hospital, Ghana. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical indices were measured. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hypertension was 42.4%, 76.3%, and 39.8%, respectively. The optimum cut-off range of WrC to identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk was 17.5 to –17.8 cm for men and 16.0 to 16.7 cm for women while that of WHtR was 0.52 to 0.61 for men and 0.53 to 0.59 for women. WrC for women was a significant independent predictor for MetS [aOR = 3.0 (1.39–6.72), p = 0.005] and systolic blood pressure [aOR = 2.08 (1.17–3.68), p = 0.012]. WHtR was a significant positive predictor for triglycerides [aOR = 3.23 (0.10–3.82), p = 0.001] for women. Using Framingham risk scores, 61% of the subjects had elevated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with no significant difference in gender prevalence. WrC [aOR = 6.13 (0.34–111.4), p = 0.107] and WHtR [aOR = 2.52 (0.42–15.02), p = 0.309] were associated with statistically insignificant increased odds of moderate-to-high risk of developing CVDs in 10 years. The use of gender-specific cut-offs for WrC and WHtR may offer putative markers for early identification of CRFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Wrist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Type II Diabetics in a Ghanaian Population

Obirikorang

Acheampong

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…Reported lifestyle factors include alcohol consumption, smoking [18,19] and physical inactivity [20]. The role of genetic factors in determining BMI has also been extensively reported in the literature [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of body mass index among an adult population in rural Northern Ghana: the AWI-Gen study

Nonterah

Debpuur

Agongo

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases are increasing in urban sub-Saharan Africa due to a complex epidemiological and nutritional transition. Related data on rural communities is scarce. Objectives: The study characterized the socio-demographic and behavioural factors influencing body mass index (BMI) among adults in rural Northern Ghana Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study involving adults aged 40–60 years residing in the Kassena-Nankana districts was undertaken. Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural data were collected along with measures of anthropometry. We determined factors associated with BMI among women and men. Results: A total of 2014 adults were studied. The median age was 51 (IQR 45–57) years and 54% were women. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among women than men (18.4% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.001), whilst underweight was more prevalent in men (18.3% vs. 13.1%; p = 0.001). Participants with the highest level of education and a high household socio-economic status had higher BMIs than those in the lowest strata in both men (β = 0.074, p = 0.028 and β = 0.072, p < 0.001, respectively) and women (β = 0.174, p = 0.001 and β = 0.109, p < 0.001, respectively). Men (β = −0.050; p < 0.001) and women (β = −0.073; p < 0.001) of the Nankana ethnic group had a lower BMI than the Kassena ethnic group. Among men, alcohol consumption (β = −0.021; p = 0.001) and smoking (β = −0.216; p < 0.001) were associated with lower BMI. Smokeless tobacco was associated with lower BMI among women. Pesticide exposure was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.022; p = 0.022) among men. Conclusion: Age, sex, ethno-linguistic group and prevailing socio-demographic and behavioural factors within this rural community in Northern Ghana influence BMI. The observed positive association between pesticide use and BMI warrants further investigation.

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“…12 This rising trend may be attributed to poor detection, treatment and control rates in addition to lifestyle changes of Africans inclusive of an increase in tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of exercise and adoption of "Western" lifestyle and diets that are high in salt, refined sugar, unhealthy fats and oils and low fibre. 10,[13][14] Furthermore, regardless of the varied non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to hypertension therapy, blood pressure control rates fail to meet expected targets globally. 15 Asides several factors mentioned earlier, the association of hypertension with metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes and dyslipidaemia may be contributory to greater difficulty in blood pressure control coupled with the fact that these metabolic disorders are individually associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Opportunistic screening and awareness campaigns have been recommended by the World Heart Federation as the first line key steps in improving management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 14,17 The 2013-2020 World Health Organisation (WHO) global action plan targeted at the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases highlighted the importance of monitoring cardiometabolic risk profile of the population. 14,18 Systematic studies incorporating random risk profile screening programs in health care facilities in both rural and urban Nigerian communities were initiated to encourage healthier lifestyle of which the Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological Study (ACE) is one of such.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,17 The 2013-2020 World Health Organisation (WHO) global action plan targeted at the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases highlighted the importance of monitoring cardiometabolic risk profile of the population. 14,18 Systematic studies incorporating random risk profile screening programs in health care facilities in both rural and urban Nigerian communities were initiated to encourage healthier lifestyle of which the Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological Study (ACE) is one of such. 6 Furthermore, there are few studies emanating from Northern part of the country on cardiometabolic risk profile assessment in hypertensive subjects 19,20 with previous reports from the Southern part of the country [21][22][23] as well as meta-analysis and reports cutting across the geopolitical zones of Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected Cardiometabolic Risk-factor Clusters of Urban Hypertensive Adults in Response to 72-hour ABU Radio Frequency Modulated (F.M.) Call for Free-medical Screening

Onyemelukwe¹,

Maiha²,

Ayanwuyi³

et al. 2019

JCDR

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Objective: It sought to determine the prevalence of Cardiometabolic risk factor clusters (CMRFCs) and their association with uncontrolled hypertension among urban hypertensive subjects who responded to a free health screening radio announcement. Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiologic study randomly selected 200 previously diagnosed hypertensive subjects aged ≥ 30 years. CMRFCs included hypertension in addition to obesity, prediabetes/diabetes, smoking and alcohol intake. Independent Student's t-test determined the difference in numerical variables between sexes. Cardiometabolic risk associations were determined via Binary Logistic Regression analysis. Results: Of the 180 who met inclusion, 72.2% were females with mean age of 50.4±9.3 years. About 1 in every 4 subjects (22.2%) had diabetes of which 62.5% were undiagnosed. Almost 2 of every 5 subjects (38.9%) had prediabetes. Almost half (42.2%) had BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 with central obesity identified in 78.3%. The mean SBP was 145.7±18.4 mmHg with DBP of 91.8±12.1 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension was found in 90.6% and 73.3% for systolic and diastolic respectively. Most (71.7%) had >1 CMRFC associated with uncontrolled systolic hypertension while almost half (42.2%) had same associated with uncontrolled diastolic hypertension. The overall mean prevalence of CMRFC was 49.6%. Significant association was found between male sex (p=0.01) and systolic/diastolic hypertension; prediabetes/diabetes (p=0.01), overweight/obesity (p=0.04) with diastolic hypertension and alcohol intake (p=0.02) with systolic hypertension. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clusters amongst hypertensive urban-dwellers in Northern-Nigeria. Combined overweight/obesity, prediabetes/diabetes, male sex and alcohol were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension.

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Prevalence of selected cardiometabolic risk factors among adults in urban and semi-urban hospitals in four sub-Saharan African countries

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Association of Wrist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Type II Diabetics in a Ghanaian Population

Association of Wrist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Type II Diabetics in a Ghanaian Population

Socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of body mass index among an adult population in rural Northern Ghana: the AWI-Gen study

Selected Cardiometabolic Risk-factor Clusters of Urban Hypertensive Adults in Response to 72-hour ABU Radio Frequency Modulated (F.M.) Call for Free-medical Screening

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