Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Galán-Huerta, Kame; Flores-Treviño, Samantha; Salas-Treviño, Daniel; Bocanegra‐Ibarias, Paola; Pérez-Alba, Eduardo; Lozano-Sepúlveda, Sonia Amelia; Arellanos-Soto, Daniel; Camacho-Ortíz, Adrián

doi:10.3390/v14010154

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Peak incidence of cases in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cohort participants coincided with Delta variant emergence in Mexico, and vaccine effectiveness against illness was lower during Delta variant predominance compared with prior months. Nevertheless, vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization and death remained high during Delta predominance, consistent with prior reports of mild breakthrough infection with Delta among persons vaccinated with CanSino in Mexico [18]. However, Delta variant emergence also coincided with increasing time since vaccination, and as in similar prior studies, we could not distinguish between effects of both factors [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Vaccine effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine among childcare workers – Mexico, March–December 2021

Collada

Franco

Márquez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little information is available about its vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods: We evaluated CanSino VE within a childcare worker cohort that included 1,408 childcare facilities. Participants were followed during March–December 2021 and tested through SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or rapid antigen test if they developed any symptom compatible with COVID-19. Vaccination status was obtained through worker registries. VE was calculated as 100% × (1–hazard ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated vs. unvaccinated participants), using an Andersen-Gill model adjusted for age, sex, state, and local viral circulation. Results: The cohort included 43,925 persons who were mostly (96%) female with a median age of 32 years; 37,646 (86%) were vaccinated with CanSino. During March–December 2021, 2,250 (5%) participants had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of whom 25 were hospitalized and 6 died. Adjusted VE was 20% (95% CI = 10–29%) against illness, 76% (42–90%) against hospitalization, and 94% (66–99%) against death. VE against illness declined from 48% (95% CI = 33–61) after 14–60 days following full vaccination to 20% (95% CI = 9–31) after 61–120 days. Conclusions: CanSino vaccine was effective at preventing COVID-19 illness and highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death. It will be useful to further evaluate duration of protection and assess the value of booster doses to prevent COVID-19 and severe outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Vaccine effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine among childcare workers – Mexico, March–December 2021

Collada

Franco

Márquez

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The T478K mutation in the Delta variant may also facilitate an escape by antibodies generated by vaccines or natural infection [ 45 , 66 ]. The AY.4 lineage of the Delta variant was seen predominantly in hospitalized patients vaccinated by the CanSino vaccine where around 67% of vaccinated individuals developed milder symptoms of COVID-19 [ 23 ]. Despite the asymptomatic or mild disease, the BTIs were associated with low levels of neutralizing antibodies, high viral load, and prolonged positivity on PCR tests, thus potentially contributing to ongoing transmission from fully vaccinated individuals [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study that analyzed the viral loads of over 16,000 infections during the predominantly Delta wave in Israel, found lower viral loads in BTIs in fully vaccinated individuals compared to infections in the unvaccinated. However, this effect started to decline after 2 months [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important issue for controlling the spread of variants is to determine if the BTI is associated with high viral loads that may result in a secondary spread. Previous studies reported that low viral loads and a high Ct value were detected following vaccination [ 23 , 96 ]. In contrast, a study by Deng et al detected relatively high viral loads (median Ct of 19.6) even in non-immunosuppressed vaccinated subjects exhibiting asymptomatic or mild infection [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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We sought to assess breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals by variant distribution and to identify the common risk associations. The PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched from 2019 to 30 January 2022. The outcome of interest was breakthrough infections (BTIs) in individuals who had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Thirty-three papers were included in the review. BTIs were more common among variants of concern (VOC) of which Delta accounted for the largest number of BTIs (96%), followed by Alpha (0.94%). In addition, 90% of patients with BTIs recovered, 11.6% were hospitalized with mechanical ventilation, and 0.6% resulted in mortality. BTIs were more common in healthcare workers (HCWs) and immunodeficient individuals with a small percentage found in fully vaccinated healthy individuals. VOC mutations were the primary cause of BTIs. Continued mitigation approaches (e.g., wearing masks and social distancing) are warranted even in fully vaccinated individuals to prevent transmission. Further studies utilizing genomic surveillance and heterologous vaccine regimens to boost the immune response are needed to better understand and control BTIs.

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“…A study reported that SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections during the Delta wave in a hospital from Monterrey, Mexico, mainly occurred in patients immunized with the Ad5-nCoV vaccine. Therefore, they concluded that SARS-CoV-2 variants compromised the efficacy of this vaccine [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing antibody responses to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with Ad5-nCoV (CanSino) in the Mexican population

Hernández-Bello,

Lorenzo-Leal,

Muñoz-Valle

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine was applied to the Mexican population before the WHO approved it. In a transversal study, we compare the CanSino vaccine efficacy and a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Guadalajara, Mexico. Participants between 30–60 years were included in the study and classified into three groups: 1) Natural immunity (unvaccinated), 2) Vaccine-induced immunity (vaccinated individuals without a COVID-19 history), and 3) Natural immunity + vaccine-induced immunity. These groups were matched by age and gender. We assessed the ability of individuals’ serum to neutralize the Delta variant and compared the results of the different groups using a neutralization test followed by plaque-forming units. Results showed that 39% of individuals’ serum with a history of COVID-19 (natural immunity, Group 1) could not neutralize the Delta variant, compared to 33% in vaccinated individuals without COVID-19 (vaccine immunity, Group 2). In contrast, only 7% of vaccinated individuals with a history of COVID-19 (natural + vaccine immunities) could not neutralize the Delta variant. We concluded that the effectiveness of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant is comparable to that of natural infection (61% vs. 67%). However, in individuals with both forms of immunity (Group 3), it increased to 93%. Based on these results, despite the Ad5-nCoV vaccine originally being designed as a single-dose regimen, it could be recommended that even those who have recovered from COVID-19 should consider vaccination to boost their immunity against this variant.

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Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Vaccine effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine among childcare workers – Mexico, March–December 2021

Vaccine effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) COVID-19 vaccine among childcare workers – Mexico, March–December 2021

Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Neutralizing antibody responses to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with Ad5-nCoV (CanSino) in the Mexican population

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