Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenic overweight in the general population: The lifelines cohort study

Abstract

Background & aims: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined by a relatively low muscle mass in combination with obesity. Sarcopenic obesity was first noted as a health risk in geriatric populations but has recently been recognized as a scientific and clinical priority that may extend beyond geriatric settings. Obesity is generally preceded by overweight, so the prevalence and health risks of sarcopenia in those with overweight (SOW) is of interest for preventive purposes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the prevalence and determinants of SO and SOW in a general population. Methods: Participants (n ¼ 119,494), aged 18e90 years were included from the Dutch Lifelines cohort study. Muscle mass was assessed by 24-h urine creatinine excretion and stratified for gender for analysis, and obesity was defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) !30 kg/m 2 and overweight !25 kg/m 2 . Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the relevant determinants of SO and SOW. Results: Respectively for men and women the prevalence of SO was 0.9% and 1.4%, and prevalence of SOW 6.5% and 6.0%. In subjects with sarcopenia, BMI was !25 kg/m 2 in 45.5% and !30 kg/m 2 in 6.1%. Overall females had a higher prevalence of SOW and SO in all age groups except for SOW in males between ages 40e59. Also, age was a significant determinant of SO and SOW, with a rise in prevalence as of age 50. Of all subjects with SO and SOW, respectively 82.5% and 80.4% were below the age of 70. Compared to those with no morbidities, the odds ratio of SO and SOW among participants with >3 comorbidities was 2.71 (95% CI: 1.62e4.54) and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.07e1.65) among males and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.79e1.65) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06e1.54) among females, independent of other determinants. Overall, an inverse association was found between SOW and SO and physical activity and macronutrient intake. Conclusion:The results support the need for more awareness of SO beyond the field of geriatrics, in particular in subjects with comorbidities. SOW is more prevalent than SO and may provide opportunities for preventive strategies for the general population.

Impact of Sarcopenia and Bone Mineral Density on Implant Failure after Dorsal Instrumentation in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

“…Previous studies also reported that 27.9% to 37.0% of patients with an OVF are sarcopenic [54]. A cohort study by Life Line Screening identified sarcopenia in 45.5% of overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) and in 6.1% of obese adults (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) [55]. Our results are in agreement with these data, where the overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 46% and 85.3% of all overweight and obese patients, respectively.…”

Identification of Sarcopenic Obesity in German Nursing Home Residents—The Role of Body Composition and Malnutrition in the BaSAlt Cohort-Study

“…Individuals who had more than three comorbidities showed an increased risk for SO by OR 2.71 (95% CI: 1.62-4.54) in men and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.07-1.65) in women. In contrast, increased physical activity has reverse effects on SO [11].…”

Relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and coexisting obesity with low skeletal muscle mass in asymptomatic adult population

“…We used ORs to calculate the risk of having HHcy in each group, and 95% CI was calculated. For model 2, we additionally performed subgroup analysis by stratifying the participants based on the sex and age (≥ 60 and < 60 year) to elucidate the association in different sex and age groups, considering sex- and age- specific differences in body composition and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity 64 . In addition, we conducted an analysis to assess the relationships when Hcy was expressed as a continuous variable.…”