Prevalence of Salmonella in Vegetables from Mexico

Quiroz-Santiago, Carolina; Rodas-Suárez, Oscar R.; Vázquez, Rubén; Fernandez, F; Quiñones-Ramírez, Elsa Irma; Vázquez-Salinas, Carlos

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-72.6.1279

Cited by 111 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Different studies have shown very high prevalence rate of Salmonella contamination of vegetables [8,14] and different animal products [6,21,22]. The prevalence rates from these studies compares favorably with the 20% of the 120 study samples and the 96% of the 25 pure Salmonella isolates of DNA-PCR Salmonella invA gene detectable results obtained in this current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Some studies in Nigeria [8,9,10] and at different parts of the world [11,12,13,14] have indicated the pollution and or contamination of most common vegetables by Salmonella species. In North-Central Nigeria where the occupation is predominantly farming, most small scale farmers cultivate vegetable farms; and the produce from these farms are generally marketed at the different markets within the respective local communities.…”

Section: La Detection Moleculaire Des Especes De Salmonelles De Legummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection of salmonella species from selected vegetables sold in a north-central Nigerian setting

Adeniyi¹,

Akindigh²,

Aniweta³

et al. 2016

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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It is vital to study and understand the genetic basis to the virulence of different Salmonella strains in other to fully grasp the facts behind the unique capabilities of these pathogenic agents to causing diseases in both humans and animals. In this study, the conventional microbiological culture methods were used to isolate pure Salmonella strains from 120 vegetable samples of five different types; which were all obtained at seven different popular markets in the Jos Metropolis of North-Central Nigeria. 25 (20.8%) pure isolates were obtained from 120 samples after initial culture and sub-cultures; with 24 (20%) of the pure isolates testing positive as being pathogenic after biochemical analysis. From the 25 pure isolates, the same 24 which tested positive for biochemical tests were also successfully amplified by PCR technique with the Salmonella invA virulence gene. The result shows that 96% of the pure isolates were positive for the Salmonella invA gene. The PCR product which was very specific is a 250bp fragment of DNA which was visualized in 1.5% agarose gel. This finding shows that virulent Salmonella strains pose a major health hazard and public health concern to the affected population. Our study shows that there is a high prevalence rate of virulent Salmonella strains in North-Central Nigeria. It is thus concluded that although both the conventional culture and biochemical methods of isolating Salmonella species are most useful for obtaining pure isolates and identifying pathogenic strains, however, the PCR technique remains the most specific and sensitive; especially when the rapid identification and detection of virulent strains of Salmonella species are of utmost importance. Mots clés : Virulence, le gèneinvA , PCR, Centre -nord du Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: La Detection Moleculaire Des Especes De Salmonelles De Legummentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of salmonella species from selected vegetables sold in a north-central Nigerian setting

Adeniyi¹,

Akindigh²,

Aniweta³

et al. 2016

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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“…and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, so its application on agricultural field without prior treatment, such as proper composting, poses health risks due to the potential contamination of the primary production environment (soil, irrigation water and cultivated vegetables) with these pathogens. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the five keys practices to grow safe fruits and vegetables are: (1) Practice good personal hygiene; (2) Protect fields from animal faecal contamination; (3) Use treated faecal waste; (4) Evaluate and manage risks from irrigation water; (5) Keep harvest and storage equipment clean and dry [42]. Food safety has to be integrated along the entire food chain from farm to table, with the government (preferably one single food safety agency), industry and consumers sharing the responsibility [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce for Domestic Consumption in Egypt

Uyttendaele

Moneim²,

Ceuppens³

et al. 2014

J Food Process Technol

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Food borne outbreaks with fresh produce are increasingly being reported in developed countries. Food borne illness is an important threat for human health also in developing countries, but data on food safety, in particular related to microbial food safety in fruits and vegetables, the developing world are scarce. In the present study, the sanitary quality and safety of Egyptian lettuce and strawberries, obtained from either primary production or domestic retail market, was assessed by enumeration of faecal indicators organism Escherichia coli and coliforms and the detection of Salmonella spp. Twelve farms in three different regions of Egypt were visited and apart from strawberries (18) and lettuce (18) also samples of soil (12) and irrigation water (12) were obtained. Furthermore, three different types of domestic retail outlets, i.e. open markets, shops and hypermarkets were sampled for strawberries (30) and lettuce (30). Salmonella prevalence in Egyptian domestic fresh produce was very high, namely 42% (20/48) in lettuce and 29% (14/48) in strawberries. The presence of Salmonella was associated with elevated levels of E. coli and coliforms. Observations from this restricted data set suggest that the microbiological quality and safety of lettuce and strawberries in the primary production of Egypt is subjected to considerable regional differences, presumably related to differences in irrigation water quality. Moreover, the microbiological quality and safety of retail lettuce and strawberries increased in accordance with the scale and organization level of the retail outlet.

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“…Surveys on the type and concentrations of pathogens on vegetables and their survival under natural field conditions are still scarce, although increasing (38). The reported level of human pathogens in produce seems to vary considerably, e.g., between regions (3,32,41,50). It is uncertain as to what extent pathogens present in the soil can become internalized into the plant through the root system or be transferred to leaf surfaces through rain splash, with possible internalization via leaf orifices, but both transmission routes constitute potential food safety risks for consumers (6,16,37,46).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli Contamination of Lettuce Grown in Soils Amended with Animal Slurry

Jensen¹,

Storm²,

Forslund³

et al. 2013

Journal of Food Protection

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A pilot study was conducted to assess the transfer of Escherichia coli from animal slurry fertilizer to lettuce, with E. coli serving as an indicator of fecal contamination and as an indicator for potential bacterial enteric pathogens. Animal slurry was applied as fertilizer to three Danish agricultural fields prior to the planting of lettuce seedlings. At harvest, leaves (25 g) of 10 lettuce heads were pooled into one sample unit (n = 147). Soil samples (100 g) were collected from one field before slurry application and four times during the growth period (n = 75). E. coli was enumerated in slurry, soil, and lettuce on 3M Petrifilm Select E. coli Count Plates containing 16 mg/liter streptomycin, 16 mg/liter ampicillin, or no antimicrobial agent. Selected E. coli isolates (n = 83) originating from the slurry, soil, and lettuce were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the similarity of isolates. The slurry applied to the fields contained 3.0 to 4.5 log CFU/g E. coli. E. coli was found in 36 to 54% of the lettuce samples, streptomycin-resistant E. coli was found in 10.0 to 18.0% of the lettuce samples, and ampicillin-resistant E. coli in 0 to 2.0% of the lettuce samples (the detection limit was 1 log CFU/g). The concentration of E. coli exceeded 2 log CFU/g in 19.0% of the lettuce samples. No E. coli was detected in the soil before the slurry was applied, but after, E. coli was present until the last sampling day (harvest), when 10 of 15 soil samples contained E. coli. A relatively higher frequency of E. coli in lettuce compared with the soil samples at harvest suggests environmental sources of fecal contamination, e.g., wildlife. The higher frequency was supported by the finding of 21 different PFGE types among the E. coli isolates, with only a few common PFGE types between slurry, soil, and lettuce. The frequent finding of fecal-contaminated lettuce indicates that human pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter can be present and represent food safety hazards.

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Prevalence of Salmonella in Vegetables from Mexico

Cited by 111 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular detection of salmonella species from selected vegetables sold in a north-central Nigerian setting

Molecular detection of salmonella species from selected vegetables sold in a north-central Nigerian setting

Microbiological Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce for Domestic Consumption in Egypt

Escherichia coli Contamination of Lettuce Grown in Soils Amended with Animal Slurry

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