Prevalence of risk of deficiency and inadequacy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in US children: NHANES 2003–2006

Karalius, Vytas P.; Zinn, Daniel; Wu, James J.; Cao, Guichan; Minutti, Carla; Luke, Amy; Kramer, Holly; Durazo‐Arvizu, Ramón

doi:10.1515/jpem-2013-0246

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…36–38 The 40% prevalence of low 25(OH)D in our cohort was similar to those of cohorts of healthy children in the northeastern US 37 and PHIV children in New York City. 7 Our prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher than the 24% observed in 6–18 year-old children in the NHANES representative US sample of this age group, 38 but lower than the ≥50% reported in behaviorally HIV-infected adolescents. 12,13 Differences across studies are likely attributable to age, race, prevalence of obesity, latitude, sun exposure, season of sampling, and dietary intake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Associations of Low Vitamin D and Elevated Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations With Bone Mineral Density in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children

Jacobson

Stephensen

Miller

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children have, on average, lower bone mineral density (BMD) than perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected (PHEU) and healthy children. Low 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations may lead to suboptimal bone accrual. Methods PHIV and PHEU children in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study had total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; BMD z-scores (BMDz) were calculated for age-sex. Low 25(OH)D was defined as ≤20 ng/mL and high PTH as >65 pg/mL. We fit linear regression models to estimate average adjusted differences in BMD/BMC by 25(OH)D and PTH status, and log-binomial models to determine adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of low 25(OH)D and high PTH in PHIV relative to PHEU children. Results PHIV children (N=412) were older (13.0 vs.10.8 yr) and more often black (76% vs. 64%) than PHEU (N=207). Among PHIV, children with low 25(OH)D had lower TB-BMDz (−0.38 SD; 95%CI: −0.60 to −0.16) and TB-BMC (−59.1 g; 95%CI: −108.3 to −9.8); high PTH accompanied by low 25(OH)D was associated with lower TB-BMDz. Among PHEU, children with low 25(OH)D had lower TB-BMDz (−0.34 SD; 95%CI: −0.64 to −0.03). Prevalence of low 25(OH)D was similar by HIV status (aPR1.00; 95%CI: 0.81 to 1.24). High PTH was 3.17 (95%CI: 1.25 to 8.06) times more likely in PHIV children. Conclusion PHIV and PHEU children with low 25(OH)D may have lower BMD. Vitamin D supplementation trials during critical periods of bone accrual are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Associations of Low Vitamin D and Elevated Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations With Bone Mineral Density in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children

Jacobson

Stephensen

Miller

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…It has been long known that vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults (2). Among healthy children and adolescents in the United States, the prevalence of deficiency is 9-18% (3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

A pediatric critical care perspective on vitamin D

Abou-Zahr

Kandil

2014

Pediatr Res

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The mechanisms of action of vitamin D are the subject of intense investigation. Evidence now suggests vitamin D affects immune function and cell proliferation, prompting interest in its role in critical illness and cardiac disease. Multiple studies demonstrate strong associations between vitamin D deficiency and severity of illness including need for higher inotrope support, more fluid resuscitation, and longer intensive care unit stay. The pediatric cardiac population may be at even more risk and nearly twice as likely to be deficient compared to the noncardiac population. Low vitamin D levels have been found in postoperative cardiac patients, where investigators speculate cardiopulmonary bypass alters levels directly or indirectly. Patients with congestive heart failure who are deficient also seem to benefit from vitamin D supplementation. This review summarizes recent studies in children that investigate the relation between vitamin D status and clinical outcomes in the critically ill including those with cardiac disease.

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“…The survey found that 41.6% of participants were deficient (having 20 ng/ml or less of serum 25(OH)D). African Americans had the highest deficiency rate (82.1%) followed by Hispanics (69.2%) [30][31][32].…”

Section: Vitamin D Metabolism and Physiological Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

First 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay for general chemistry analyzers

Saida

Chen

Tran

et al. 2014

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the predominant circulating form of vitamin D, is an accurate indicator of the general vitamin D status of an individual. Because vitamin D deficiencies have been linked to several pathologies (including osteoporosis and rickets), accurate monitoring of 25(OH)D levels is becoming increasingly important in clinical settings. Current 25(OH)D assays are either chromatographic or immunoassay-based assays. These assays include HPLC, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), enzyme-immunosorbent, immunochemiluminescence, immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. All these assays use heterogeneous formats that require phase separation and special instrumentations. In this article, we present an overview of these assays and introduce the first homogeneous assay of 25(OH)D for use on general chemistry analyzers. A special emphasis is put on the unique challenges posed by the 25(OH)D analyte. These challenges include a low detection limit, the dissociation of the analyte from its serum transporter and the inactivation of various binding proteins without phase separation steps.

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Prevalence of risk of deficiency and inadequacy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in US children: NHANES 2003–2006

Abstract: Approximately 10.3% of US children aged 6-18 years (population estimate 5.5 million) have 25(OH)D levels <16 ng/mL.

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Associations of Low Vitamin D and Elevated Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations With Bone Mineral Density in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children

Associations of Low Vitamin D and Elevated Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations With Bone Mineral Density in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children

A pediatric critical care perspective on vitamin D

First 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay for general chemistry analyzers

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