Prevalence of, risk factors for, and oxidative stress associated with Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among asymptomatic blood donors in Egypt

Azab, Manar S; Abousamra, Nashwa K.; Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Elghannam, Doaa M.; Raafat, Douaa

doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-s1-p27

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Caldwell et al [67] found that among their 70 consecutive patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, both diabetes type 2 and obesity (73% of individuals) were significantly more common compared with the cirrhotic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or hepatitis C. It must be noted that among 567 patients with chronic liver disease evaluated by Kodali et al [68] , 28 individuals (4.9%) had no established a definite etiology, and nearly half of the patients with presumed CLC (13 of them, 46%) had a history of previous blood transfusion, thus supporting the hypothesis of a non-A, non-B, and non-C hepatitis virus. This may suggest that latent T. gondii infection associated with blood transfusion plays at least in part an important role in development of cryptogenic liver disease, and support the indication of several authors for screening blood donors for serum AIAT as well as T. gondii IgG activities to reduce posttransfusion hepatitis [68][69][70][71][72][73] . Moreover, it was found that the infection with the parasite significantly affected glycolysis, gluconeogensis and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolic processes [74] , and probably was responsible for development of type 1 and 2 diabetes, and obesity [16,68,75] .…”

Section: Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis (Clc)supporting

confidence: 60%

“…It seems that T. gondii infection may be at least partly responsible for development of these abnormalities because Yang et al [145] showed that in mice injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 x 10 3 T. gondii tachyzoites, the serum level of the oxygen free radicals (NO, *OH, O 2-) increased along with the days of infection, and superoxide dismutase concentration reached a peak on the 3rd day of the investigation. In asymptomatic T. gondiiseropositive blood donors oxidative stress and immunosuppression also have been demonstrated [70,71] . Moreover, it was found that oxidative stress with markedly increased serum malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione levels is characteristic for T. gondii seropositive patients [69,146] and chickens orally infected with tissue cysts of the protozoan [147] (Tables 10 and 11).…”

Section: A L L O O N E D H E P a T O C Y T E S A N D Mallory-denk Bomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unexplained Liver Damage, Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, and Steatohepatitis May Be Caused by Latent Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Prandota

2019

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

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T. gondii is a globally distributed intracellular protozoan parasite affecting approximately 5-90% of human population and causing a variety of so far neglected diseases and clinical entities in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Acute infection of the parasite in mice caused marked reduction in serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and liver damage. BChE and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are biomarkers of low-grade systemic inflammation and earlier it was suggested that the elevation of these two bioparameters may predict development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Serum BChE activity was found to be associated with overweight, obesity, and body fat distribution parameters. Recently, a positive association between T. gondii seropositivity and obesity has also been reported. Infection with the parasite was linked with the increase in the number of hepatic stellate cells known to play an important role in the development of fibrosis and its advancement to cirrhosis.of any etiology. Moreover, several authors suggested that hepatitis with a clinical picture resembling acute viral hepatitis result from T. gondii infection. Abnormalities associated with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis markedly affect acquired immunity of the host and probably participate in triggering and persistence of several autoimmune diseases, especially that anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies have been found in the sera of both patients suffering from these clinical entities and in healthy individuals. Oxidative stress and immunosuppresion due to the infection play an important role in these processes. It should be also noted that mammalian as well as the parasite cells, express two cholesteryl ester-synthesizing enzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2, which share 44-47% of amino acid homology. ACAT1 is present in various cells and tissues, while ACAT2 expression is restricted to hepatocytes and intestinal mucosal cells. The parasite enzymes TgACAT1 and TgACAT2 localized to endoplasmic reticulum can synthesize and store abundant esters of cholesterol and triglycerides. The lifelong persistence and resulting surplus of ACAT1 and ACAT2, and TgACAT1 and TgACAT2 enzymatic activities especially in hepatocytes and/or intestinal cells of the host may therefore at least in part be responsible for development of steatohepatitis, and generation of ballooning hepatocytes, foamy macrophages, and clear cells (foamy) colitis. These abnormalities can be explained by the suppressed autophagy (it regulates lipid metabolism) in the liver due to proliferation of T. gondii. In alcoholic steatohepatitis, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes may also at least partly result from the fact that ethanol dose-dependently stimulate microneme secretion in T. gondii tachyzoites and parasite attachment to the host cells, thus facilitating infection of the hepatic cells. The increased serum iron levels and hepatic iron overload reported in the patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis may be caused by the excess of NO produced by activated macrophages and h...

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Section: Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis (Clc)supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: A L L O O N E D H E P a T O C Y T E S A N D Mallory-denk Bomentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexplained Liver Damage, Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, and Steatohepatitis May Be Caused by Latent Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Prandota

2019

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

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“…Among asymptomatic pregnancy, El-Shqanqery et al, (2017) in Menoufia reported 30.16% T. gondii seroprevalence. Azab et al (2012) in Cairo among blood donors found seropositivity of 67.4% and El-Geddawi et al (2016) in Alexandria reported 65.3% seropositivity with 10% with confirmed parasitemia. Besides, Saleh et al (2016) on military hospital-based study declared that toxoplasmosis was occupational, nosocomial or hospital acquired infectious disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: An Overview on Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment With Reference to Egypt

IMAM

Ismail

BOCKTOR

2022

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

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Congenital toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan infection caused by the intracellular coccidian (phylum Apicomplexa) Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which has a worldwide distribution. All warmis affected. The organism is transmitted transplacentally; following initial maternal infection, vertical transmission occurs from an infected pregnant mother to her fetus, mostly in the third trimester of pregnancy. The severity of fetal infection is determined by the pregnancy stage and whether the infected mother had received an efficient treatment in the early gestational period or not.A better prognosis is expected for children whose mothers were treated with anti-Toxoplasma medications. Some factors favor infection transmission and progress of congenital toxoplasmosis as the parasite genotype, the immune status of the mother and the fetal or neonatal ability to develop an immune response against Toxoplasma. Possible outcomes of fetal infection include abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly or intrauterine fetal death. Nervous system complications like intracranial calcifications or hydrocephalus as well as retinochoroiditis are all possible consequences. Commonly, there are no specific symptoms at birth and complications may appear at an older age. Congenital toxoplasmosis is treated by spiramycin in pregnant women, while, drugs were used during late gestation to benefit infected fetus and are also used to treat the newborn after birth.

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“…(1) In Egypt, the prevalence of seropositive Toxoplasma cases amounts up to 67.4% among blood donors. (2) The life cycle of T. gondii includes three different infectious stages: tachyzoites, which Bull High Inst Public Health Vol.43 No. 1 [2013] facilitate expansion during acute infection, bradyzoites, which maintain chronic infection and sporozoites, which are disseminated in the environment within the oocysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Toxoplasmosis has been proved to be a source of large number of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and other biotoxic agents leading to increased oxidative stress. (2,4,5) Lipid peroxidation is a wellestablished mechanism of cellular injury in human, and used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. (6,7) Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as an indicator of increased levels of lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress which is associated with a variety of chronic diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxidative Stress and Platelet Activation in Patients Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

Hamdy

Elsayed

Sadek

et al. 2013

Journal of High Institute of Public Health

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a highly frequent obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; it can cause serious problems to the public health especially pregnant females, however, the pathogenesis of this condition is not clear. Objective: was to evaluate the status and the interrelationship of the oxidative stress and platelet activation in patients infected with T. gondii. Methods: Thirty patients infected with T.gondii (10 acute and 20 chronic cases) and 10 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (t GSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), redox potential (RP) and soluble P-selectin (sPselectin) were measured. EDITA blood samples were used for complete blood picture with special emphasis on platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV). Results: The mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients was significantly higher than the control group, however, platelet count showed no significant difference. The serum mean values of MDA, GSSG, RP and sP-selectin in patients were significantly higher than the control subjects. On the other hand, the levels of tGSH and GSHin patients were significantly lower than in controls. MPV and platelet count showed significant positive correlations with sP-selectin concentration. Conclusion: Although toxoplasmosis is mostly asymptomatic, the findings of the present study strongly indicate that the occurrence of oxidative stress could be a potential mechanism of subclinical inflammatory pathology and tissue damage in these cases.

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Prevalence of, risk factors for, and oxidative stress associated with Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among asymptomatic blood donors in Egypt

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Unexplained Liver Damage, Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, and Steatohepatitis May Be Caused by Latent Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Unexplained Liver Damage, Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, and Steatohepatitis May Be Caused by Latent Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: An Overview on Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment With Reference to Egypt

The Oxidative Stress and Platelet Activation in Patients Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

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