“…It's important to consider the potential for bias in findings, particularly when comparing the diagnosis criteria for diabetes. In this paper [ 1 ], diabetes diagnosis relied solely on measuring random sugar levels at a threshold of 143 mg%, while another study [ 2 ] employed a more comprehensive approach. In that study [ 2 ], diabetes was defined using multiple criteria, including fasting plasma glucose levels exceeding 7 mmol/l, 2-hour plasma glucose levels exceeding 11.1 mmol/l, and an HbA1c level exceeding 6.5 %.…”