Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden: Lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life

Benediktsdóttir, Bryndís; Janson, Christer; Lindberg, Eva; Arnardóttir, Erna Sif; Ólafsson, Ísleifur; Cook, Elizabeth; Thorarinsdottir, Elin H; Gíslason, Þórarinn

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.08.006

Cited by 118 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…22,44,49 Consistent with findings of recent populationbased studies, 44,49 we likewise found no association between RLS and caffeine consumption. In contrast to some [20][21][22]24,43,50 but not other previous studies, 44,49,51,52 RLS was not significantly related to smoking in this population after adjustment for other factors, although univariate analysis suggested a positive association. Consistent with findings from several previous investigations, 2,17,53,54 RLS was strongly and positively associated with comorbidity in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Restless Legs Syndrome in an Appalachian Primary Care Population: Prevalence, Demographic and Lifestyle Correlates, and Burden

Innes

Flack

Selfe

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and distressing sensorimotor disorder of unknown etiology. While the epidemiology of RLS has been examined in several North American and European studies, research on RLS and RLS burden in poor, rural populations, including those residing in Appalachia, remains sparse. In this study, we investigated RLS prevalence in an Appalachian primary care population and examined the association of RLS to demographic factors, lifestyle characteristics, sleep quality, and mood disorders. Methods: Participants of this anonymous survey study were community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 18 years visiting one of 4 West Virginia primary care clinics. Data gathered included detailed information on sleep patterns, demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and health/medical history; the survey also included questions specifi c to RLS diagnosis and severity. Response rates were excellent, with 68% of eligible adults contacted returning completed surveys (N = 1,424/2,087). Pregnant women (N = 65) and those with missing data on key variables (N = 142) were excluded from the analyses. Results: Of the 1,217 participants included in the fi nal analytic sample, 19.6% (18.2% with symptoms at least once/month) met the 4 IRLSSG diagnostic criteria in the absence of positional discomfort or leg cramps; 14.5% reported RLS symptoms at least once/week and 10.1% indicated symptoms ≥ 3×/week. Excluding respondents with diabetes, kidney disease, or anemia

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Restless Legs Syndrome in an Appalachian Primary Care Population: Prevalence, Demographic and Lifestyle Correlates, and Burden

Innes

Flack

Selfe

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…These findings most likely represent markers of RLS, since RLS is commonly clinically associated with difficulty falling asleep due to the urge to move the legs, especially in the evening while in repose, 2,3 and complaints of reduced daytime functioning, increased sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. [52][53][54][55] In a report by Allen et al, difficulty falling asleep was the second most frequent complaint of patients with RLS. 5 However, for HMD, female gender and smoking were independent risk factors for RLS ( Table 3) while for NHW only older age was an independent risk factor ( Table 4), suggesting a difference in ethnic susceptibility for RLS.…”

Section: Ethnic Differences In Rls Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence and Predictors of Restless Legs Syndrome between Hispanics of Mexican Descent and Non-Hispanic Whites in San Diego County: A Population-Based Study

Sawanyawisuth

Palinkas

Ancoli‐Israel

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…[9][10][11] Conversely, a large population-based study of COPD found significantly more COPD in individuals with RLS, as defined by spirometry. 12 Clinically, it is important to note that peripheral neuropathy is common in COPD and can mimic RLS, but it probably does not fully account for the increased prevalence. 9,10 Budhiraja et al suggest hypoxemia as the pathophysiological mechanism by which RLS is exacerbated in obstructive lung disease, via influence on brain dopamine pathways.…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, there is not good evidence that serum ferritin levels or systemic inflammation (which limits iron availability) explain the increase. 10,12 Importantly, RLS represents a potentially treatable cause of sleep disturbance and decreased QOL in COPD. 10,12 Estrogen's role in the exacerbation and pathophysiology of RLS is less clear.…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restless Legs Syndrome: What Have We Learned from Prevalence Studies and How Will Incidence Studies Further Clinical Knowledge?

Picchietti

Picchietti²

2012

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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C o m m e n t a R YR estless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is now generally appreciated in the medical literature as common and complex. Over 50 prevalence studies, most published since 2005, have been crucial in defi ning many important clinical aspects. In this issue of JCSM is one of the fi rst general population-based incidence studies of RLS. 1 How are incidence studies different, and how might they further clinical knowledge?First, let us review the "Top Five" agreed upon fi ndings from prevalence studies of RLS. 2 Number 5: Prevalence in females is about twice as high as in males, beginning in the late teens or 20s. Number 4: Association with other conditions. Individuals with RLS are at least twice as likely to have scores indicating a depressive or anxiety disorder. This has major clinical implications in that common treatments for these disorders can worsen RLS, 3 and because ongoing sleep disturbance is a known risk factor for the onset and persistence of depressive disorders, as well as for suicidality. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates at least twice the risk of cardiovascular disease in RLS. Less agreement has been found regarding increased comorbidity with numerous other disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Number 3: Quality of life (QOL) impairments are signifi cant in moderate-to-severe RLS, comparable to diabetes and congestive heart failure. 4 These include lower physical and mental health scores, with disturbed sleep very common by both subjective and objective measures. Number 2: There is a wide spectrum of frequency/severity. Of those meeting the four essential IRLSSG criteria, application of frequency at least 1x/week represents 60% of the RLS population; at least 2x/week is about 50%; and daily is about 20%. Clinically signifi cant RLS-RLS associated with higher morbidity and where treatment should be considered-can be defi ned by frequency/severity measures. Occurrence at least 1-2x/week, typically with moderate to severe distress, is the most common defi nition in the epidemiologic studies that show impairment.Number 1: Consideration of differential diagnosis is very important. Exclusion of "mimics" of RLS, such as leg cramps, positional discomfort, arthritis, and leg edema, leads to specifi city of diagnosis, 5 and prevalence rates of 1.9% to 4.6% for moderate-to-severe RLS in European and North American studies. 2 Without differential diagnosis prevalence estimates are about 1.25 to 2 times higher. Importantly, the 2012 revision of the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria will include differential diagnosis as a 5 th essential criterion, as is also planned for the International Classifi cation of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013.Incidence rate is an estimate of the number of new cases in a population over a given time period, as compared to prevalence, which estimates the total number of cases in a population at a given time. Incidence pr...

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Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden: Lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life

Cited by 118 publications

References 34 publications

Restless Legs Syndrome in an Appalachian Primary Care Population: Prevalence, Demographic and Lifestyle Correlates, and Burden

Restless Legs Syndrome in an Appalachian Primary Care Population: Prevalence, Demographic and Lifestyle Correlates, and Burden

Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence and Predictors of Restless Legs Syndrome between Hispanics of Mexican Descent and Non-Hispanic Whites in San Diego County: A Population-Based Study

Restless Legs Syndrome: What Have We Learned from Prevalence Studies and How Will Incidence Studies Further Clinical Knowledge?

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