Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique

Ferreira, Karen Spadari; Éckeli, Alan Luiz; Dach, Fabíola; Schwalbach, Maria Teresa; Schwalbach, João; Speciali, José Geraldo

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.06.021

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In 4 of 6 studies, there was an increased risk for RLS in those reporting hypertension (OR 1.15-1.96). 19,[32][33][34][35] Individuals with RLS had an increased risk for hypertension in 6 of 10 studies (OR 1.2-2.4). 33,34,e11-e20 Generally, the larger the study and the more stringent the adjustment for cofactors, the less likely an association in either direction (see table e-1 and e-References for a more complete reference list).…”

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confidence: 99%

Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases

et al. 2016

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Recent publications on both the genetics and environmental factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) defined as a clinical disorder suggest that overlapping genetic risk factors may play a role in primary (idiopathic) and secondary (symptomatic) RLS. Following a systematic literature search of RLS associated with comorbidities, we identified an increased prevalence of RLS only in iron deficiency and kidney disease. In cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes, migraine, and Parkinson disease, the methodology of studies was poor, but an association might be possible. There is insufficient evidence for conditions such as anemia (without iron deficiency), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiple sclerosis, headache, stroke, narcolepsy, and ataxias. Based on possible gene-microenvironmental interaction, the classifications primary and secondary RLS may suggest an inappropriate causal relation. We recognize that in some conditions, treatment of the underlying disease should be achieved as far as possible to reduce or eliminate RLS symptoms. RLS might be seen as a continuous spectrum with a major genetic contribution at one end and a major environmental or comorbid disease contribution at the other.

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confidence: 99%

Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases

et al. 2016

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“…The frequency of PN reported in series of patients diagnosed with RLS has shown a high variability as well, ranging from 0% [15] to 87.5% [24] with a mean of 41.8% (95% CI 39.9%–43.3%) for the pooled sample. It must be taken into account that the series reporting 87.5% was composed of patients complaining of chronic pain [24] and in the series reporting 0% the patients were referred to a sleep disorders unit diagnosed with RLS [15]. The prevalence of PN in patients with RLS has been reported to be higher than in controls in four studies [22,24,26,27] and in the meta‐analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between restless legs syndrome and peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Jiménez‐Jiménez

Alonso‐Navarro

García‐Martín

et al. 2021

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose The coexistence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) or Willis–Ekbom disease is relatively frequent, but its prevalence has shown a high variability across studies. In addition, several reports have shown data suggesting the presence of PN in patients with idiopathic RLS. Methods A search was undertaken using the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Databases, from 1966 to 6 December 2020, crossing the search term ‘restless legs syndrome’ with ‘neuropathy’, ‘polyneuropathy’ (PNP) and ‘peripheral neuropathy’, and the references of interest for this topic were identified; a meta‐analysis was performed, according to PRISMA guidelines, and a calculation of pooled prevalences, where appropriate, was made using standard methods. Results Restless legs syndrome has been reported in 5.2%–53.7% of patients with PN (average 21.5%; 95% confidence interval 18.6%–24.5%), and PN has been reported in 0%–87.5% of patients with RLS (average 41.8%; 95% confidence interval 39.9%–43.6%), both being significantly more frequent than in controls. The heterogeneity across studies could be due to differences in the diagnostic criteria used for both RLS and PN. RLS is a frequent clinical complaint in patients with PN of different aetiologies, mainly diabetic PN, uraemic PNP, familial amyloid PNP, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease and chronic dysimmune inflammatory PNP. Recent neurophysiological findings suggest the presence of small sensory fibre loss in patients diagnosed with idiopathic RLS, but it remains to be determined whether RLS associated with small sensory fibre loss and idiopathic RLS are different clinical entities. Conclusions Future studies including clinical and neurophysiological assessment and skin biopsy involving a large series of patients with PN and RLS are needed for a better understanding of the association between these two entities.

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“…This differs from the 78% of patients at the Maputo Pain Clinic who report pain interfering with daily activities and from previously reported studies where pain sufferers in 15 countries had activity limitations. 7,25,26,48 However, 22.6% of respondents reported trouble standing for more than 30 minutes, which is significant interference with activities. Furthermore, the 88% of respondents who sought treatment for pain suggests a higher degree of disability than reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant number of patients (78%) reported pain interfering with activities. 25,26 The primary objective of this study was to determine pain prevalence among a pilot population in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, with the goal of expanding this data set to the whole country in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic pain and associated factors in Maputo, Mozambique: a pilot study

Walters

Schwalbach

Sevene

et al. 2018

British Journal of Pain

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Introduction: Studies estimate that 20% of adults suffer from chronic pain. A meta-analysis in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) found 34% had chronic pain. There are few studies on pain prevalence gathered in Africa. This study surveyed the capital city of Mozambique. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study employed in a community setting. The Vanderbilt Global Pain Survey comprised questions on the behaviour and attitudes of respondents regarding pain, including previously validated metrics: the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, the Brief Pain Inventory, Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score, and the Michigan Body Map. Results: Ninety-seven surveys were completed out of 100. Pain every day lasting for more than 6 months in their lifetime was reported as 39.2% (CI: 29.4-49.6), and 52% of respondents had pain the day of the interview. However, the pain resulted in little difficulty with activities of daily living and maintaining relationships (61%-89%). Although none reported mental health disorders, 53.6% had experienced a traumatic event in their life, with 45.2% having related nightmares, anxiety, or fear. Most respondents (99%) would take oral medication if it helped their pain, with a large proportion willing to spend significant money for these (49% would pay >US$40) and willing to travel long distances to get help (55.2% would travel >40 kilometer). Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique is similar to the average for LMICs. Trends in high-income countries suggest that multimodal pain management and multidisciplinary treatments may improve optimal pain control in LMICs.

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Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases

Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases

Association between restless legs syndrome and peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Chronic pain and associated factors in Maputo, Mozambique: a pilot study

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