Prevalence of Respiratory Protective Devices in U.S. Health Care Facilities

Wizner, Kerri; Stradtman, Lindsay R.; Novak, Debra; Shaffer, Ronald E.

doi:10.1177/2165079916657108

Cited by 49 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[1,2] An oft-cited contributor to respiratory protective equipment-related discomfort is the perception of increased warmth, either regional (i.e., facial area) or global. [1] Recently, much interest has been directed towards the role of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) in healthcare settings during infectious disease outbreaks, based upon multiple advantageous features, [3] including possible amelioration of some heat-related issues via cooling effects of PAPR air currents. [4,5] Respiratory protective equipment-related heat perceptions are plausibly attributable to associated increases in either core temperature (rectal, brain, tympanic) or the temperature of the skin covered by the respirator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powered air-purifying respirator use in healthcare: Effects on thermal sensations and comfort

Powell

Kim

Roberge

2017

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Twelve subjects wore an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (N95 FFR), one tight-fitting full facepiece powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), two loose-fitting PAPRs, and one elastomeric/PAPR hybrid for 1 hr each during treadmill walking at 5.6 km/hr while undergoing physiological and subjective response monitoring. No significant interaction (p ≥ .05) was noted between the five respirators in heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and perceptions of breathing effort or discomfort, exertion, facial heat, and overall body heat. Respirator deadspace heat/humidity were significantly greater for the N95 FFR, whereas tympanic forehead skin temperatures were significantly greater for the hybrid PAPR. Temperature of the facial skin covered by the respirator was equivalent for the N95 FFR and hybrid PAPR, and both were significantly higher than for the other three PAPRs. Perception of eye dryness was significantly greater for a tight-fitting full facepiece PAPR than the N95 FFR and hybrid PAPR. At a low-moderate work rate over 1 hr, effects on cardiopulmonary variables, breathing perceptions, and facial and overall body heat perceptions did not differ significantly between the four PAPRs and a N95 FFR, but the tight-fitting, full facepiece PAPR increased perceptions of eye dryness. The two loose-fitting PAPRs and the full facepiece tight-fitting PAPR ameliorated exercise-induced increases in facial temperature, but this did not translate to improved perception of facial heat and overall body heat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powered air-purifying respirator use in healthcare: Effects on thermal sensations and comfort

Powell

Kim

Roberge

2017

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…Conventionally, most health care settings employ the use of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95-FFRs) to protect their HCWs. 2 These respirators are meant to be disposable, provide protection against 95% of airborne particles as low as 0.3 microns in size, and rely on creation of a seal between the HCW's face and the mask. 3 N95-FFRs have been used in health care to protect HCWs from exposure to various pathogens, including tuberculosis (TB), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and others.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Yet, some health care settings have used EHFRs as part of their routine or emergency protocols for respiratory protection. 2,[18][19][20] Understanding the experience of workers in these environments would provide insight quantifying the potential concerns about user acceptance and could guide actions to best address these concerns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

User acceptance of reusable respirators in health care

Hines

Brown

Oliver

et al. 2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background: Inclusion of reusable respirators, such as elastomeric half-face respirators (EHFRs) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs), in hospital respiratory protection inventories may represent 1 solution to the problem of N95 respirator shortages experienced during pandemics. User acceptance of these devices is 1 potential barrier to implementing such a strategy in respiratory protection programs. Methods: To assess user attitudes toward various respirators, health care workers enrolled in respiratory protection programs in a medical system using EHFRs, N95s, and PAPRs and completed an online questionnaire that addressed attitudes, beliefs, and respirator preferences under different risk scenarios. Responses were compared between user groups. Results: Of 1,152 participants, 53% currently used N95s, 24% used EHFRs, and 23% used PAPRs. N95 users rated their respirators more favorably compared with EHFR and PAPR users (P < .001) regarding comfort and communication, however, EHFR users rated their respirators much more highly regarding sense of protection (P < .001). For all user groups, reusable respirators were significantly more likely (odds ratios 2.3-7.7) to be preferred over N95 filtering facepiece respirators in higher risk scenarios compared to "usual circumstance" scenarios. Conclusions: Despite somewhat less favorable ratings on comfort and communication, experienced EHFR and PAPR users still prefer reusable respirators over N95s in certain higher risk scenarios. This suggests that reusable respirators are an acceptable alternative to N95 respirators in health care and offer 1 viable solution to prevent pandemic-generated respirator shortages.

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“…7 Respiratory protective equipment is still the preferred PPE when dealing with Ebola virus. 8 The PPBPC is currently the world's most commonly used high-grade PPE. The PPBPC, which provides the wearer with high-level body and respiratory protection, should be widely used in laboratories requiring high-level biosafety and during infectious disease rescue efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of the key Technical Indicators of Positive Pressure Biological Protective Clothing

Hao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity

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Trying to establish the key technical indicators related to positive pressure biological protective clothing (PPBPC), providing technical support for the establishment of PPBPC standards in the future. Method: We examined the protection standard systems established by the major standards organizations in China and other developed countries. We also analyzed the technical indicators of the gas-tight chemical protective clothing and ventilated protective clothing against particulate radioactive contamination which closely related to PPBPC. And tested the performance of a set of imported dual-purpose PPBPC to verify the fit of its technical indicators with the standards. We aimed to identify the status of China's standards in the area of personnel protection and put forward feasible suggestions for the production of PPBPC in China. Results: Developed countries in Europe and North America have a complete system of standard protective clothing. China should also strengthen the construction of standard protective clothing, especially PPBPC. Conclusion:With the improvements in infectious disease prevention and control on a global scale, the demand for PPBPC continues to increase and consideration should be given to the establishment of standards for this.

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Prevalence of Respiratory Protective Devices in U.S. Health Care Facilities

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Powered air-purifying respirator use in healthcare: Effects on thermal sensations and comfort

Powered air-purifying respirator use in healthcare: Effects on thermal sensations and comfort

User acceptance of reusable respirators in health care

Establishment of the key Technical Indicators of Positive Pressure Biological Protective Clothing

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