Prevalence of Repeat Breeding and Its Effective Treatment in Cows at Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Abstract

ASTRACTThe objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of repeat breeding and its associated risk factors in cows at selected areas of Bangladesh followed by determination of an effective treatment regime for those cows. Data were collected by interviewing the owner of the cows from 172 farms having 1524 breedable cows located at one Upazila of Mymensingh, Chittagong, Khulna, Satkhira, Bogra and Dhaka districts. A total of 122 repeat breeding cows were treated and randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups for different treatment regimes. The treatment regimes were (i) single AI with injection of 500 µg of gonadorelin, (ii) intra uterine infusion of 4.0 million i.u. penicillin daily for 3 days followed by single AI at next estrus, (iii) same time AI with double doses of semen, (iv) two times AI at 8 hours interval and (v) single AI without any intervention (used as control group). Information was collected for all treated cows for returning to estrus at 20-22 days post-AI. If the cow did not return to estrus at 20-22 days post-AI, the cows were examined for pregnancy by per rectal palpation of genital tract at 60-90 days post-AI. The pregnancy of the treated cows was used as the indicator of success of each treatment regime. The overall prevalence of repeat breeding in cows was 11.5%. The breed of cows, herd BCS and farm size influenced the prevalence of repeat breeding in cows. The age, parity, BCS and milk yield influenced the occurrence of repeat breeding in individual cows. The significantly higher proportion of cows recovered when AI was done using double doses of semen (52.8%) or single AI was done with GnRH administration (51.9%) than no intervention control (30.4%). In conclusion, repeat breeding cows may be inseminated with double doses of semen or with single AI with GnRH administration for improvement of conception.

Evaluation of different parameters in relation to repeat breeding of cows at the Coastal areas of Bangladesh

“…According to the age, the rate of repeat breeding in ≤3 years,3-4 years and ≥5 years old cows were 19.4,15.3 and 23.5%, respectively in local breed and 10.2,15.3,18.4%, respectively in crossbred cows (Table1).There is no significance (P>0.05) difference of age factors for repeat breeding at less than 3 years but respectively higher responsible more than 5 years. This results is supported by the study of Asaduzzaman et al (2016) who recorded the effects of age of cows on occurrence of repeat breeding significantly lower proportion of cows (29.7 to 33.1%) was affected with repeat breeding at 3-6 years of age than that of 7-13 years of age (37.1 %; P<0.05). It has been widely documented that age impacts negatively on fertility (Hodel et al,1995) and higher repeat breeding rates have been reported in older cows (Hewett,1968).This may be due to variations in hypothalamic or pituitary hormonal levels or different ability of the ovarian response between different age groups (Bullman and Lamming,1978).…”

“…According to BonnevilleHebert et al (2011) from Quebec cows in second, third, and fourth parities had significantly higher odds of being a repeat breeder: in first parity 18%, in second parity 24% and in third parity 42% respectively. Asaduzzaman et al (2016) found significantly (P<0.05) lower proportion of cows (29.1%) was affected with repeat breeding at 2 nd -3 rd parity than that of cows at 1 st parity (33.1%) and 4 th -9 th (47.7%). According to the age, the rate of repeat breeding in ≤3 years,3-4 years and ≥5 years old cows were 19.4,15.3 and 23.5%, respectively in local breed and 10.2,15.3,18.4%, respectively in crossbred cows (Table1).There is no significance (P>0.05) difference of age factors for repeat breeding at less than 3 years but respectively higher responsible more than 5 years.…”

“…Accordingly poor BCS caused low conception rate in cows in Bangladesh. Asaduzzaman et al (2016) advised to the farmer of Bangladesh to keep at least 2.5 herd BCS by providing adequate balance diet for reducing the occurrence of repeat breeding. …”

Economic benefit in repeat breeder cows using intrauterine infusion of penicillin and estrus synchronization followed by timed artificial insemination

“…There are some constraints for achieving these goals. The main limitation of an efficient and profitable reproductive management of the dairy farm is repeat breeder cows [1,2]. Several factors are involved as causes of repeat breeder.…”

“…However, the success of such antibiotic treatment for the management of repeat breeder cows is still controversial and results are variable. A variety of antibiotics such as cephapirin [6,7], penicillin [1], oxytetracycline [7], cephalexin, gentamycin, and enrofloxacin [8] have been infused into the uterus for improvement of pregnancy rates in repeat breeder cows. Interestingly, intrauterine infusion of antiseptic solution, 1% Lugol’s iodine has also been successfully used for management of repeat breeder cows [9].…”