Prevalence of renal tuberculosis among patients presenting with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Ilorin - Nigeria

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide , especially in tropical developing countries involving major organs in the body. The kidney is usually affected through haematogenous spread from a primary focus. Renal tuberculosis is the commonest form of extra pulmonary TB particularly among the Caucasians but thought to be rare in Blacks. Due to the paucity of data on the prevalence of renal TB. A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of renal TB in cases of active pulmonary TB (PTB) in llorin-Nigeria. Confirmed cases of active PTB patients were consecutively recruited from the Pulmonary Clinic and the PTB Ward over a one year period. The inclusion criteria were sputum acid fast baccili (AFB) positivity on two or more occasions and radiological evidence of PTB. Patients fullfilling the above criteria were investigated by urine analysis for sterile acid pyuria, Z-N stain, plain abdominal x-rays, renal ultrasound, intravenous urogram and renal biopsy. A total of 148 acti ve PTB patients were studied (91 males, 57 females). Male to female ratio was 3:2. The mean age of the males and females with renal TB was 40 and 29 years respectively. The prevalence rates of AFB in urine and sterile acid pyuria were 9.5% and 8.8% respectively. Only 2.7% had both AFB in urine and sterile pyuria. Renal histology was abnormal in 70% of the biopsied kidneys with sterile pyuria. The combination of AFB in urine and histologic evidence of renal TB increased the prevalence of renal TB to 14% in the study.

Molecular studies on extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

“…After disseminating from the latent stage, the miliary tuberculosis develops and spreads to various areas of the body. Males had a prevalence of 2.8 percent in this study, while females had a prevalence of 1.4 percent, which is lower than the 9.5 percent prevalence reported in Ilorin North Central, Nigeria (Chijioke, 1998), albeit this could be due to the small sample size employed in the current study. Furthermore, in the early 1980s, a 14 percent prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was observed in Lagos, South Western Nigeria, which is greater than the current study's findings (Chijioke, 1998;Mohammad et al, 2017).…”

“…Males had a prevalence of 2.8 percent in this study, while females had a prevalence of 1.4 percent, which is lower than the 9.5 percent prevalence reported in Ilorin North Central, Nigeria (Chijioke, 1998), albeit this could be due to the small sample size employed in the current study. Furthermore, in the early 1980s, a 14 percent prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was observed in Lagos, South Western Nigeria, which is greater than the current study's findings (Chijioke, 1998;Mohammad et al, 2017). Despite the fact that there have been fewer studies on extrapulmonary tuberculosis than pulmonary tuberculosis due to the small number of patients and short duration of the studies, a more comprehensive and well-coordinated country-wide study on renal involvement in active EPTB in Nigeria is recommended (Al-Hajoj, 2013).…”

“…According to studies, one-third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis, and 10% of those infected acquire tuberculosis during their lifetime. As a result, early detection of active tuberculosis remains tricky (Chijioke and Aderibigbe, 1998;Mohammad et al 2020). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis remains difficult in developing nations with limited resources, such as Nigeria.…”

Profile of Paraquat Poisoning Cases in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria

“…Development of AKI following PQ poisoning is high and it may be delayed as seen in this present study. However, other reports described nephropathy as a rare complication of PQ poisoning in Nigeria compared to the Asia-Pacific region especially India (Chijioke et al, 2007;Adelakun et al, 1999).…”