Prevalence of Refractive Errors in a Rural South Indian Population

Raju, Prema; Ramesh, Shruthy Vaishali; Arvind, Hemamalini; George, Ronnie; Baskaran, Mani; Paul, Pradeep G.; Kumaramanickavel, Govindasamy; McCarty, Catherine A.; Vijaya, Lingam

doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0221

Cited by 109 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…But in other studies showed myopia more common in males and hypermetropia in females. 22,23 from Singapore found in their study that after controlling for age, women had shorter axial lengths, shallower anterior chamber depths and shorter vitreous chamber depths than men, which may be the reason for the above finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

Taludhar

Dhakal

2013

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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INTRODUCTION: Refractive error is one of the causes of avoidable blindness. Myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism are the common types of refractive error. Not many studies are done to detect pattern of refractive error in Western Nepal. So, the study will determine the prevalence and distribution of refractive errors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of all consecutive patients of age less than 40 years who visited eye department, Gandaki Medical College, between May 2010 and May 2011 was conducted. Visual acuity, naked eye and pin hole examination was done by ophthalmic assistant with cycloplegic refraction when needed. Those who did not turn up for refraction were excluded from the study.RESULTS: A total of 601 patients were seen within the study period. Mean age of male patients was 22.4 years ±0.6 (95% CI, 21.2-23.6 years) and mean age of female patients was 24.2 years ±0.5 (95% CI, 23.2-25.2 years). Majority of the patients were in age group 11-20 years (39.3%). Myopia was the most common refractive error (43.3%) followed by simple myopic astigmatism (23.8%). Refractive errors were more common in females.CONCLUSIONS: Myopia was the commonest refractive compared to hypermetropia. Refractive error was more common in females than in males. Such studies help to know the picture of refractive errors in community and such reports are helpful in planning programme to prevent avoidable blindness

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Similar findings were seen in other studies. 19,22 CONCLUSION Myopia is the commonest refractive compared to hypermetropia . Refractive error is more common in females than in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

Taludhar

Dhakal

2013

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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“…Under corrected refractive errors among school-age children, particularly myopia, is a critical public health problem and is the second leading cause of treatable blindness (2,3). As refractive errors are the major causes of mild to moderate visual impairment in patients, knowledge about the prevalence of refractive error would be of great help in planning public health strategies (4). Some studies indicated that in children the prevalence of hyperopia decreased and that of myopia significantly increased (P < 0.001) by getting older (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Errors in School-age Children in Qazvin, Iran

Khalaj¹,

Amiri²,

Zeidi³

et al. 2014

Biotech Health Sci

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Background:Refractive error remains one of the primary causes of visual impairment among school children all over the world, and its prevalence varies widely. Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in school children aged 7 to 18 years in Qazvin, Iran. Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 11821 students (aged 7 to 18 years) were recruited from different schools. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between +0.25 and -0.25 D sphere. A -0.50 D or greater spherical considered as myopia, -6.00 D or more as high myopia, and +0.50 D or more as hyperopia, and a cylinder refraction greater than 0.75 D was defined as astigmatism. Visual acuity and refraction of all students were tested. Anterior and posterior segment examination and ocular motility evaluation were also performed to rule out the pathological causes of visual impairments. Results:The study was performed on 5641 (47.72%) male and 6180 (52.28%) female students. The prevalence of myopia (from 32.96% at the age of 7 to 79.02% at the age of 18 years) significantly increased (P < 0.001), and hyperopia significantly decreased (from 47.07% in 7-year-old individuals to 8.32% in 18-year-old subjects) with age (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in refractive errors between males and females. Hyperopia and myopia was more common among female in comparison to males (P < 0.001). Astigmatism greater than 0.75 D in one or both eyes was found in 990 children (8.37%). Astigmatism increased from 6.04% in 7-year-old students to 9.86% in 15-year-oldstudents e and then no more difference was found in age group ranged from 15 to 18 years. Conclusions: Based on our study, the prevalence of myopia is more than other types of refractive error, which is similar to that reported in previous studies on other school-age populations in some Asian countries. The high prevalence of refractive error among school-age children indicated that untreated refractive error is one of the most common public health problems.

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“…Environmental factors like level of education, occupation, near-work load, time outdoors as a child are also associated with aetiology of refractive errors [2,7,8,9]. The gender differences in the prevalence of refractive errors have been also reported but many studies failed to confirm these associations [7,10,11,12,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%