Prevalence of refractive errors in adults over 40: a survey of 8102 eyes.

Hyams, S W; Pokotilo, E; Shkurko, G

doi:10.1136/bjo.61.6.428

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The percentage of clinically significant hypermetropia exceeding + 2.0 D (43%), together with clinically significant astigmatism exceeding + 1.0 D (78%), was the typical refractive error in USH3. The percentages clearly exceed the earlier given population norms [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. That is why we can consider high degree hypermetropia together with high degree astigmatism as one of the clinical manifestations of USH3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The ophthalmological course of Usher syndrome type III

et al. 1995

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Usher syndrome is a recessive hereditary disease group with clinical and genetical heterogeneity leading to handicapped hearing and visual loss until middle age. It is the most common cause for deaf-blindness. Three distinct phenotypes and five distinct genotypes are already known. In Finland the distribution of known Usher types is different than elsewhere. Usher syndrome type III (USH3) is common in Finland and it is thought to include 40% of patients. Progressive hearing loss is characteristic of USH3. Elsewhere USH3 has been regarded as a rarity covering only several percent of the whole Usher population. The aim of this paper is to describe, for the first time, the course of visual handicap and typical refractive errors in USH3 and compare it with other USH types. From a total patient sample consisting of 229 Finnish USH patients, 200 patients' visual findings were analyzed in a multicenter retrospective follow-up study. The average progress rate during a 10-year follow-up period in different USH types was similar. The essential progress occurred below the age of 40 and was continuous up to that age. Visual acuity dropped below 0.05 (severely impaired) at the age of 37 and the visual fields were of tubular shape without any peripheric islands at the average age of 30. Clinically significant hypermetropia with astigmatism seems to be a pathognomonic clinical sign of USH3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The ophthalmological course of Usher syndrome type III

et al. 1995

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“…S everal cross-sectional population studies (Hyams et al 1977;Leibowitz et al 1980;Shiose et al 1991;Wang et al 1994) have shown younger people to be less hyperopic than older people. It has not been made clear whether this apparent age-related shift reflects a myopic shift from one generation to the next or a true age-related hyperopic shift repeating itself in successive generations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Refractive changes in the elderly

Bengtsson

Grødum

1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Cross-sectional studies have consistently shown younger people to be less hyperopic than older people, but it is not known if this reflects a myopic shift from one generation to the next or a true age-related shift. Methods: We used data from three population surveys to study cohort phenomena and true age-related changes in refraction of elderly people in southern Sweden. Differences concerning the use of cycloplegics made us restrict comparisons between refractions in separate studies to persons aged 65 to74 years, in whom our measurements were considered unlikely to have been affected by accommodation. Results: An apparent increase in mean spherical equivalent as rapid as 0.6 D in 10 years was observed in our latest (and largest) cross-sectional survey. The myopic shift, from one generation to the next, was limited to 0.25 D in 25 years. This discrepancy was explained by a true age-related hyperopic shift between 55 and 70, which was confirmed in a longitudinal study of over 1000 persons followed for more than 8 years. Conclusion: A true age-related hyperopic shift between 55 and 70 does indeed exist, and should not be disregarded by anyone who is prescribing spectacles or performing surgery for refractive errors. In the long run, however, a persisting secular trend towards myopia could prove even more important.

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“…To enroll this number of >1 D adult hyperopia, we needed to screen approximately 560 patients. 25 There were 52 female (62%) and 32 male. Mean age was 61.3±8.9 years (range, 40 to 82 y).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A large study in a population very similar to ours has shown that 15.2% of adults aged 40 years or older had hyperopia of 1 D or greater. 25 Thus, we assume that the angle closure prevalence we found among patients with hyperopia (16.7%) represents 2.5% (15.2% Â16.7%) of the general population. As angle closure is rare among myopes 24,26,27 and patients with hyperopia <1 D were not included in our study, the extrapolated prevalence for the total population is likely slightly higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%