Prevalence of producers of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from atopic dermatitis lesions

Akiyama, H; Toi, Yôichiro; Kanzaki, Hiromitsu; Tada, Jôji; Arata, Jir&#x000F4;

doi:10.1007/s004030050075

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…It was shown that S. aureus isolated from AD skin secreted various superantigens including staphyloccal enterotoxins A, B and C (SEA, SEB and SEC, respectively) [112, 113, 114]. These data and results from our recent study [Bunikowski et al, in preparation] indicate that these three superantigens are the most common ones that can be isolated from AD skin colonized by S. aureus .…”

Section: Contribution Of Bacterial Superantigens In Admentioning

confidence: 57%

Role of T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

Herz¹,

Bunikowski

Renz³

1998

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Influx of activated T cells into the skin lesions represents a hallmark in AD. Recent results indicate a dynamic T-cell-derived cytokine production in AD. In addition to the well-known TH-2 component, chronic lesions and late-phase allergic responses are characterized by an TH-1/TH-0 cytokine pattern. Although there is no doubt that aeroallergens can contribute to the elicitation of acute- and late-phase allergic responses in AD, their role in the immunopathogenesis is controversally discussed. Recent attention has been given to the long-known phenomenon of persistent colonization of AD skin with S. aureus and the potential role of S. aureus-derived superantigens. Evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that such bacterial superantigens have the potency to trigger chronic T-cell-mediated skin inflammation. Although these data are certainly suggestive, further clinical studies are required to elucidate the role of bacterial superantigens in initiation, maintenance and, especially, chronicity of skin inflammation.

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Section: Contribution Of Bacterial Superantigens In Admentioning

confidence: 57%

Role of T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

Herz¹,

Bunikowski

Renz³

1998

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…In addition, more than 70% of Staph. aureus strains from AD skin are exotoxin producers and are able to secrete various exotoxins with superantigen (SAg) activity (Hoeger et al 1992;Akiyama et al 1996;Lin et al 2007). These exotoxins might go through the skin barrier and contribute to the perseverance and exacerbation of the allergic state (Bunikowski et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diversity profile from the staphylococcal community on atopic dermatitis skin: a molecular approach

et al. 2013

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Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of the skin staphylococcal community from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and superantigen (SAg) detection from Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods and Results: In this study, we developed a novel multiplex PCR that allows the identification and discrimination of bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus both Staph. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus À Staph. capitis, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticus and Staph. hominis isolated from the skin of patients with AD. In addition, a multiplex PCR assay that allows the rapid screening of the 19 genes that encode staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), SE-like toxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 was also performed and applied in Staph. aureus isolates. The microflora of the skin of patients with AD was dominated by Staph. aureus (69 isolates, 35Á6%) followed by Staph. epidermidis (59 isolates, 30Á4%) species. The SElM and SElN genes were the most frequently detected in our study (15 isolates, 71Á4%), followed by SEG and SElO (14 isolates, 66Á7%). Conclusions: Our molecular-based approach successfully identified the staphylococcal microflora that was relatively specific to patients with AD. Considering skin colonization and expression of virulence factors, the Staph. aureus may play a relevant role in AD pathophysiology. Significance and Impact of the Study: This ability to classify disease-related microbial species provides new insights into the relevance of those microbes in human disorders.

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“…SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and TSST-1 (a causative agent of toxic shock syndrome) have been found to be secreted by S. aureus strains isolated from the skin of up to 65% of patients with atopic dermatitis who are colonized with this microorganism [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Serum IgE Antibodies to the <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>Enterotoxins (SAE, SEB, SEC, SED, TSST-1) in Patients with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

Rossi

Monasterolo

2004

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and their specific IgE antibodies were thought to be important in worsening atopic dermatitis. However, few studies have documented an association between S. aureus or its exotoxins and exacerbations of upper airway/nasal disease. In the current study, we determined the prevalence of serum-specific IgE towards staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, C, D (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) in patients suffering from rhinitis and/or asthma due to allergy. Therefore, we examined whether SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1 were important in worsening the clinical status of patients allergic to house dust mites by means of assessing serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which is thought to be a reliable marker of asthma and rhinitis severity. Methods: 198 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis and/or asthma due to house dust mites were evaluated. Specific IgE towards SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, TSST-1, timothy grass and birch pollen recombinant allergens, and other aeroallergen extracts from common allergen sources were evaluated by the Pharmacia CAP System. Serum ECP was assessed, too. Results: The percentages of sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxins of 198 house dust mite-allergic patients were as follows: TSST-1-specific IgE 24.7% (n = 49), SEC-specific IgE 22.2% (n = 44), SEB-specific IgE 15.1% (n = 30), SEA-specific IgE 9.1% (n = 18), and SED-specific IgE 5.5% (n = 11). Out of 198 individuals allergic to house dust mites 136 patients suffering from persistent rhinitis were subdivided into two subgroups: 53 patients with serum-specific IgE to at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin and 83 patients without specific IgE towards staphylococcal enterotoxins. Patients sensitive to staphylococcal enterotoxins had higher serum ECP levels than patients lacking specific IgE to SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1(geometric mean 24.3 vs. 16.6 µg/100 ml; p = 0.029), as well as total IgE levels (geometric mean 564 vs. 161 kU/l, p = 0.00063) and specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (geometric mean 16.7 vs. 6.6 kU/l; p = 0.0235) and Dermatophagoides farinae (geometric mean 18.6 vs. 7.8 kU/l; p = 0.0246). Conclusion: A status of sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxins seems to be a factor increasing serum ECP, which is thought to be a reliable marker of clinical severity of allergic disease. Therefore, the evaluation of SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1-specific IgE antibodies may have additional significance for the prognosis of persistent allergic diseases of the upper airway.

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Prevalence of producers of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from atopic dermatitis lesions

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Role of T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

Role of T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

A diversity profile from the staphylococcal community on atopic dermatitis skin: a molecular approach

Prevalence of Serum IgE Antibodies to the <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>Enterotoxins (SAE, SEB, SEC, SED, TSST-1) in Patients with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

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