Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms and Its Associations With Quality of Life, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in COVID-19 Survivors During the Post-COVID-19 Era

Yuan, Yuan; Liu, Zihan; Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Qinge; Zhang, Ling; Cheung, Teris; Jackson, Todd; Jiang, Guoqing; Xiang, Yu Tao

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665507

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“… 7 A previous study found that 18.66% (95% CI 11.98 to 25.34) of COVID-19 survivors displayed symptoms of PTSD. 8 Highly similar prevalences of PTSD among COVID-19 patients, healthcare workers and the general population were also reported in other systematic reviews. 9 , 10 Besides the high rate of PTSD, COVID-19 patients presented a considerable proportion of depression, anxiety, distress and sleep disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam

Nguyen

et al. 2022

International Health

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Background This study investigated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and their related factors among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam. Methods Vietnamese-fluent confirmed COVID-19 patients for at least 3 d were recruited in this online cross-sectional study to answer a three-part questionnaire including participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, PTSD (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Associated factors were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression models. Results Of 1544 responses, the majority were female (53.0%), ages 18–39 y (74.8%) and were isolated and treated at field hospitals (72.2%). Family or friends were the greatest sources of mental support (68.2%), followed by healthcare providers (51.1%). The overall prevalence rates of PTSD, anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients were 22.9%, 11.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Risk factors included older age, higher education, getting infected from the public, knowing someone who died from COVID-19 and high perception of life threat. Meanwhile, mental assistance from family or friends, a greater number of supporters, living with someone not vulnerable and higher salaries were significantly protective factors. Conclusions The psychological responses associated with some sociodemographic details. Family or friends should be the first line of mental interventions for COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam

Nguyen

et al. 2022

International Health

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“…While most studies reported more severe mental health disorders in infected compared to non-infected individuals, some studies did not reveal this pattern. Some representative findings from the majority of studies are as follows: (1) Prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms was more severe in COVID-19 survivors compared to healthy controls[ 91 ]; (2) Anxiety and depression were more prevalent in infected compared to non-infected people in a large Chinese sample[ 92 ]; (3) “Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, intrusion, hypervigilance, and avoidance among infected health care workers (HCWs) were significantly higher in comparison to non-infected HCWs”[ 93 ]; and (4) Suicidal ideation was more prevalent in infected vs non-infected individuals, in the United States[ 27 ]. Even months after recovery from the infection, depression, anxiety, and PTSD were prevalent[ 94 ].…”

Section: Comparisons Of Mental Health Symptomatology Between Infected...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does COVID-19 related symptomatology indicate a transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorder? - Multidisciplinary implications

Ferber¹,

Shoval²,

Zalsman³

et al. 2022

WJP

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The clinical presentation that emerges from the extensive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mental health literature suggests high correlations among many conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Arguments against the use of multiple comorbidities for a single patient have been published long before the pandemic. Concurrently, diagnostic recommendations for use of transdiagnostic considerations for improved treatment have been also published in recent years. In this review, we pose the question of whether a transdiagnostic mental health disease, including psychiatric and neuropsychiatric symptomology, has emerged since the onset of the pandemic. There are many attempts to identify a syndrome related to the pandemic, but none of the validated scales is able to capture the entire psychiatric and neuropsychiatric clinical presentation in infected and non-infected individuals. These scales also only marginally touch the issue of etiology and prevalence. We suggest a working hypothesis termed Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome (CSRS) representing a global psychiatric reaction to the pandemic situation in the general population (Type A) and a neuropsychiatric reaction in infected individuals (Type B) which relates to neurocognitive and psychiatric features which are part (excluding systemic and metabolic dysfunctions) of the syndrome termed in the literature as long COVID. We base our propositions on multidisciplinary scientific data regarding mental health during the global pandemic situation and the effects of viral infection reviewed from Google Scholar and PubMed between February 1, 2022 and March 10, 2022. Search in-clusion criteria were “mental health”, “COVID-19” and “Long COVID”, English language and human studies only. We suggest that this more comprehensive way of understanding COVID-19 complex mental health reactions may promote better prevention and treatment and serve to guide implementation of recommended administrative regulations that were recently published by the World Psychiatric Association. This review may serve as a call for an international investigation of our working hypothesis.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic is a global traumatic events (1), which has caused more than 248 million cases, and resulted in more than 5 million deaths worldwide. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has also led to a "mental health tsunami", including depression (2)(3)(4)(5), anxiety (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), PTSS (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and poor sleep quality (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). PTSD (or PTSS) is one of the most common mental distress among this tsunami.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTSD is a common but easily overlooked comorbidity among MDD patients in the face of global traumatic events of COVID-19. Many recent studies have focused on PTSS or PTSD during COVID-19, but these previous studies have mainly focused on COVID-19 survivors (9)(10)(11), hospital staff (3,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), teachers (28), and the general population (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). However, few researchers have focused on PTSS co-morbidity in MDD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak

et al. 2022

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event all over the world, and may lead to post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) in different population who are under the threat of novel corona virus. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the prevalence and risk factors of PTSS between Chinese patients with depression and non-depressed controls during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: 437 depressed patients and 2,940 non-depressed controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between February 14 and May 9, 2020.The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the psychological status of all the participants.Results: The prevalence of PTSS (IES-R ≥ 33) in depressed patients (45.08%) was higher than that in non-depressed controls (5.31%). Patients with depression were 16 times more likely to suffer from PTSS than those without depression. Correlation analyses showed that the IES-R total score was positively correlated with SDS, SAS, and PSQI scores in both depressed and non-depressed groups (Bonferroni corrected all p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SAS score, and PSQI score were independently associated with IES-R total score in both depression and non-depression groups. In depressed patients, education level and duration of media exposure to COVID-19 were positively associated with PTSS, while in the non-depressed group, subjects who were married, in the 31–50 year group or with higher SDS score were more likely to develop PTSS.Conclusions: These results indicate that the prevalence rate of PTSS in patients with depression is very higher than that in subjects without depression. PTSS are associated with a number of socio-demographic and clinical variables.

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Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms and Its Associations With Quality of Life, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in COVID-19 Survivors During the Post-COVID-19 Era

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam

Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam

Does COVID-19 related symptomatology indicate a transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorder? - Multidisciplinary implications

Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak

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