Prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, César; Palacios‐Ceña, Domingo; Gómez‐Mayordomo, Víctor; Florêncio, Lidiane Lima; Cuadrado, María‐Luz; Plaza-Manzano, Gustavo; Navarro-Santana, Marcos J

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.009

Cited by 384 publications

(430 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In another meta-analysis the sample included 15,244 hospitalized and 9,011 non-hospitalized patients. The results showed that 63.2%, 71.9% and 45.9% of the sample exhibited ≥one post-COVID-19 symptom at 30, 60, or ≥90 days after onset/hospitalization [14]. On the other hand, the prevalence of symptoms that remain 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients non-hospitalized may be as small as 3.0%, based on tracking specific symptoms (tighter definition), to 11.7% based on the wider questionnaire which includes the questions about the 21-symptom list that was recently reported from 26,922 UK residents by The Office for National Statistics [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Persistent Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Hemodialyzed Patients—A Longitudinal Cohort Study from the North of Poland

Och

Tylicki

Polewska

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: After recovery from COVID-19, patients frequently face so-called “Post-COVID-19 Syndrome” defined by clusters of persistent symptoms lasting for >12 weeks which may arise from any system in the body. The long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in maintenance hemodialyzed (HD) patients remain to be investigated. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study we described the health consequences in HD patients requiring hospitalization due to COVID-19. They were interviewed three and six months (M3 and M6) after discharge with a series of standardized questionnaires. Results: Of 144 HD patients discharged from the 7th Naval Hospital in Gdansk, 79 participants were enrolled, 39 m (49.4%) and 40 f (50.6%) with a median age of 70.0 (64.0–76.5) and an HD vintage of 40 months (17.5–88). After discharge, 93.7% and 81% reported at least one persistent symptom at M3 and M6, respectively. The most common symptoms were fatigue or muscle weakness (60.76% and 47.04%) and palpitations (40.51% and 30.14%). Dyspnea with an mMRC scale grade of at least 1 was reported by 21.5% before infection, and by 43.03% and 34.25% at M3 and M6, respectively. A decrease in the quality of life was reported in all domains of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire but mainly in the pain/discomfort and anxiety dimensions. Mean EQ-VAS scores were 69.05, 61.58 and 64.38, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that HD patients may still experience persistent symptoms six months after recovery from COVID-19, which can further reduce their already poor health-related quality of life. This study highlights the need for long-term follow-up on these patients for diagnostic and rehabilitation programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Persistent Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Hemodialyzed Patients—A Longitudinal Cohort Study from the North of Poland

Och

Tylicki

Polewska

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…For patients following hospitalization fatigue, dyspnea, and cough were the most common symptoms at 90-day follow-up occurring in 38.5%, 33.3%, and 10.4% of patients, respectively. 9 Some studies also suggest that symptoms may persist long after recovery and up to 6 months among some patients. 10,11 For example, Huang et al (2021) have reported that in a mean follow-up of 186 days 76% of the patients still suffered from at least one symptom, most commonly fatigue or muscle weakness, with a higher risk for patients with severe disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Hospitalization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Among COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients

Elkan¹,

Dvir²,

Keller³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Background Many people recovering from COVID-19 suffer from long-term sequelae. The objective of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in COVID-19 patients several months after discharge. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional case–control study on COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to Shamir Medical Center, Israel (03–07/2020). In the months following discharge, patients were invited to participate in a survey and fill the RAND-36 questionnaire. Patients’ characteristics and comorbidities were extracted from electronic charts. Results Among 66 COVID-19 participants, the median age was 58.5 (IQR 49.8–68.3), 56.1% were female, and 36.4% were obese. The median length of stay was 7 days (IQR 4–10). Patient-reported outcome measures were reported at a median follow-up of 9-months (IQR 6–9). Pain, general health, vitality, and health change had the lowest scores (67.5, 60, 57.5, and 25, respectively). Matching to patients hospitalized with pneumonia due to other pathogens was performed on 42 of the COVID-19 patients. Non-COVID-19 patients were more frequently current or past smokers (50% vs 11.9%, p < 0.01) and suffered more often from chronic lung disease (38.1% vs 9.5%, p = 0.01). The score for health change was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group (25 vs 50, p < 0.01). Conclusion Post COVID-19 patients continue to suffer from an assortment of symptoms and perceive a deterioration in their health many months after hospitalization. This emphasizes the importance of prolonged medical follow-up in this population, and the need for additional research to better understand this novel disease’s long-term effects.

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“…In the meta-analysis of 21 studies including 47.910 individuals (hospitalized and not hospitalized), 80% of subjects with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were reported to continue having at least one symptom beyond two weeks following acute infection [ 6 ]. The results of another meta-analysis showed that 63.2%, 71.9%, and 45.9% of the sample, including 15.244 hospitalized and 9.011 non-hospitalized patients, exhibited ≥one post-COVID-19 symptom at 30, 60, or ≥90 days after onset/hospitalization [ 7 ]. Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) recipients are a high-risk group for severe COVID-19, whose case fatality ratio may reach up to 30%, owing not only to their chronic immunosuppression, but also to older age and frequently associated comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular complications [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 Sydrome and Decrease in Health-Related Quality of Life in Kidney Transplant Recipients after SARS-COV-2 Infection—A Cohort Longitudinal Study from the North of Poland

Malinowska

Muchlado

Ślizień

et al. 2021

JCM

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Introduction: Patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently face “Post-COVID-19 Syndrome”, defined by symptoms that develop during or after COVID-19, continue for more than 12 weeks, and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the presence of post-COVID-19 syndrome and its predictors in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) 6 months after the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 67 KTR (38 m) with a mean age of 53.6 ± 14 years, 7.3 ± 6.4 years post-transplant were included in the cohort longitudinal study. Thirty-nine (58.2%) of them were hospitalized, but not one required invasive ventilation therapy. They were interviewed 6 months after being infected, with a series of standardized questionnaires: a self-reported symptoms questionnaire, the modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, and EQ-VAS scale. Results: Post-COVID-19 syndrome was diagnosed in 70.1% of KTR and 26.9% of them reported at least three persistent symptoms. The most common symptoms were fatigue (43.3%), hair loss (31.3%), memory impairment (11.9%), muscle aches, and headaches (11.9%). Dyspnea with an mMRC scale grade of at least 1 was reported by 34.3% patients vs. 14.9% before infection; 47.8% stated that they still feel worse than before the disease. Mean EQ-VAS scores were 64.83 vs. 73.34 before infection. The persistent symptoms are more frequent in older patients and those with greater comorbidity. Conclusions: Persistent symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome are present in the majority of KTR, which highlights the need for long-term follow-up as well as diagnostic and rehabilitation programs.

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Prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 384 publications

References 58 publications

Persistent Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Hemodialyzed Patients—A Longitudinal Cohort Study from the North of Poland

Persistent Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Hemodialyzed Patients—A Longitudinal Cohort Study from the North of Poland

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Hospitalization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Among COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients

Post-COVID-19 Sydrome and Decrease in Health-Related Quality of Life in Kidney Transplant Recipients after SARS-COV-2 Infection—A Cohort Longitudinal Study from the North of Poland

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