Prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets after weaning on a commercial pig farm in Japan

Weaning piglets are continuously exposed to various viruses. The antiviral effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been confirmed mainly in humans and mice, while few studies have been conducted in livestock. In this study, we evaluated the effect of oral administration of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) on the gene expressions of antiviral cytokines in weaning piglets. Piglets were allocated to the EC-12-administered group (E group) and the no-treatment control group (C group). The small intestinal tissue, the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells and the splenocytes were collected from the piglets. The tissue and cells were co-cultured with a live vaccine of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus or EC-12. After the incubation, the gene expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the tissue and cells were evaluated. The gene expressions of IFN-γ in the MLN cells and TNF-α in the splenocytes were significantly higher in the E group than in the C group. However, the increase in the gene expression of antiviral cytokines was observed independently of the antigen treatments. The results of the present study suggest that oral administration of EC-12 did not increase the response of immune cells to specific viral antigens but increased the baseline gene expression of antiviral cytokines.

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“…PRRSV, PEDV, porcine circovirus (PCV) 2, and rotavirus are frequently detected on Japanese farms [23, 24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Administration of EC-12 Increases the Baseline Gene Expression of Antiviral Cytokine Genes, IFN-γ and TNF-α, in Splenocytes and Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells of Weaning Piglets

Tsuruta

Inoüe

Tsushima

et al. 2013

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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“…Apart from porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type2 (PCV2) (which were positive but not active), a preliminary survey of the farm was negative for the following pathogens in sows and suckling piglets: rotavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Clostridium perfringens , enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Salmonella sp., Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , Lawsonia intracellularis and classical swine fever virus (CSF). All pathogens except for the CSF virus were tested for by PCR methods as described elsewhere (PRRSV, Inoue, Tsukahara, Sunaba, Itoh, & Ushida, ; PCV2, Sasaki et al., ; rotavirus, Ushida et al., ; TGEV, Kim, Song, & Park, ; C. perfringens , Takahashi, Yoshida, Nakanishi, Tsukahara, & Ushida, ; ETEC and Salmonella spp., Fukushima, Tsunomori, & Seki, ; B. hyodysenteriae , Piao et al., ; L. intracellularis , Suto et al., ). CSF virus has been already eradicated in Japan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic supplementation improves reproductive performance of unvaccinated farmed sows infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Tsukahara

Inatomi

Otomaru

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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We investigated if probiotic supplementation could improve the health and reproductive performance of unvaccinated lactating sows infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus. Twenty unvaccinated pregnant sows were equally allocated to probiotic-supplemented (P) and control (C) groups. For the experiment, 15 g/day of probiotic compound BIO-THREE PZ was given to P sows. Reproductive performance was checked daily. The number of neonates fostered by each sow was maintained at eight throughout the experiment. Individual milk production post-parturition was measured twice. Milk protein and fat ratios were determined by a milk analyzer. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G concentrations were measured by ELISA. At day 7 post-parturition, the body weight of P sows was 10 kg higher than that of C sows, and at day 3 post-parturition, P sows produced more milk (+2 kg) and had a higher IgA concentration in whey than did C sows (p < .05). Finally, unlike C sows, P sows tended to return to estrus faster, and had larger piglets at birth with a lower mortality percentage during early days of suckling. In conclusion, probiotic compound BIO-THREE PZ helped strengthen the immune system of unvaccinated, PED-infected sows and improved their reproductive performance.

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“…Vaccine efficacy is influenced by a number of factors, such as the age of the pigs and consequently, the level of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) when vaccination or viral infection occurs, concomitant infection, and nutritional and environmental aspects, among others [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Kiss¹,

Szigeti²,

Homonnay³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

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Prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets after weaning on a commercial pig farm in Japan

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Oral Administration of EC-12 Increases the Baseline Gene Expression of Antiviral Cytokine Genes, IFN-γ and TNF-α, in Splenocytes and Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells of Weaning Piglets

Oral Administration of EC-12 Increases the Baseline Gene Expression of Antiviral Cytokine Genes, IFN-γ and TNF-α, in Splenocytes and Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells of Weaning Piglets

Probiotic supplementation improves reproductive performance of unvaccinated farmed sows infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

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