Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and its correlation with risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients in a long-term health care facility

Aronow, Wilbert S.; Sales, Francie F.; Etienne, Fritzner; Lee, Neung H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(88)90673-x

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The lack of an association between waist/hip ratio and popHteal thickness in men may be because of the strong correlation between waist/hip ratio and body mass index and the inability to perform scans in the very obese participant. Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for peripheral artery disease in elderly women but not men (49). Our results contrast with those of the Framingham Study, in which weight was inversely associated with intermittent claudication in men (56).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, plasma high density Hpoprotein cholesterol was not found to be associated with popliteal intimal-medial thickness in men, again emphasizing sex differences. This contrasts with case-control studies of patients with peripheral artery disease, (49,51) within whom low levels of high density Hpoprotein cholesterol were associated with disease. Those studies did not separate the analyses by sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Elevated plasma triglycerides have been identified as a risk factor for peripheral artery disease in some (10,48) but not all (3,49) studies. After controlling for age, race, sex, body mass index, and community, we found a strong relation between plasma triglyceride Popliteal and Carotid Artery Disease 1065 levels and carotid wall thickness, thus adding to other evidence that hypertriglyceridemia is atherogenic (50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Popliteal and Carotid Wall Thicknesses In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Dobs

Nieto

Szkio

et al. 1999

American Journal of Epidemiology

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The authors evaluated risk factors potentially associated with the development of popliteal artery atherosclerosis in a population-based study and compared them with factors linked to carotid wall intimal-medial thickness. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a longitudinal investigation of cardiovascular disease in 15,800 individuals. The present analyses are based on the baseline popliteal and carotid ultrasonography examination in 10,002 subjects conducted in 1987-1989. After adjustment for covariates, both carotid and popliteal intimal-medial thicknesses were strongly associated with male sex and age (p < 0.01), having a graded relation with increasing quartiles of plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and with plasma triglycerides (women only for popliteal) (p < 0.01). An inverse correlation was noted between plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol and carotid (p < 0.01) and popliteal (women only) (p < 0.05) intimal-medial thicknesses. Cigarette use (p < 0.01), a history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01), alcohol use, elevated systolic pressures (p < 0.01), and fibrinogen levels (p < 0.01) were directly associated with both popliteal and carotid intimal-medial thicknesses. Although menopause was associated with thickened carotid (p < 0.01) and popliteal (p < 0.05) intimal-medial thicknesses, hormone replacement therapy was associated with thinner carotid walls only (p < 0.05). Although there were some differences, many of the classical risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease were also related to early thickening of both the popliteal and the carotid artery walls.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Popliteal and Carotid Wall Thicknesses In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Dobs

Nieto

Szkio

et al. 1999

American Journal of Epidemiology

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“…According to NHANES III data, the prevalence of hypertension increases from 3.4% to 8.6% in individuals 20 to 34 years of age, to 42.9% to 44.2% in individuals 55 to 64 years of age, and then to 64.2% to 77.3% in individuals ≥ 75 years of age [22]. In addition to being common in older adults, hypertension in the elderly remains a risk factor for coronary events, strokes, and peripheral arterial disease, increasing the relative risk of their occurrence nearly 1.5-to 2.5-fold [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Antihypertensive Therapy In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving concepts of cardiovascular disease prevention in older adults

Yazdanyar¹,

Newman

2009

Curr Cardio Risk Rep

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“…Modifiable risk factors that predispose to PAD include cigarette smoking, 5,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] diabetes mellitus, 5,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] hypertension, 5,8,12,16 -19,21,22 dyslipidemia, 5,8,12,14 -20,23-25 increased plasma homocysteine levels, 26 -29 and hypothyroidism. 30 Table 2 indicates that significant independent risk factors for PAD in 467 men, mean age 80 years, and in 1,444 women, mean age 81 years, living in the community and seen in an academic geriatrics practice were age (odds ratio ϭ 1.05 for each 1-year increase in age in men and 1.03 for each 1-year increase in age in women); current cigarette smoking (odds ratio ϭ 2.6 for men and 4.6 for women); systolic or diastolic hypertension (odds ratio ϭ 2.2 for men and 2.8 for women); diabetes mellitus (odds ratio ϭ 6.1 for men and 3.6 for women); serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio ϭ 0.95 for each 1-mg/dL increase in men and 0.97 for each 1-mg/dL increase in women); and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio ϭ 1.02 for each 1-mg/dL increase in men and in women).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Aronow

2005

Cardiology in Review

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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may be asymptomatic, may be associated with intermittent claudication, or may be associated with critical limb ischemia. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and other atherosclerotic vascular disorders may coexist with PAD. Persons with PAD are at increased risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and mortality from CAD. Modifiable risk factors such as cessation of cigarette smoking and control of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes should be treated. Statins reduce the incidence of intermittent claudication and improve exercise duration until the onset of intermittent claudication in persons with PAD and hypercholesterolemia. Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or clopidogrel, especially clopidogrel, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors should be given to all persons with PAD. beta-Blockers should be given if CAD is present. Exercise rehabilitation programs and cilostazol improve exercise time until intermittent claudication. Indications for lower-extremity angioplasty, preferably with stenting, or bypass surgery are 1) incapacitating claudication in persons interfering with work or lifestyle; 2) limb salvage in persons with limb-threatening ischemia as manifested by rest pain, nonhealing ulcers, and/or infection or gangrene; and 3) vasculogenic impotence. However, amputation should be performed if tissue loss has progressed beyond the point of salvage, if surgery is too risky, if life expectancy is very low, or if functional limitations diminish the benefit of limb salvage.

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Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and its correlation with risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients in a long-term health care facility

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Risk Factors for Popliteal and Carotid Wall Thicknesses In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Risk Factors for Popliteal and Carotid Wall Thicknesses In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Evolving concepts of cardiovascular disease prevention in older adults

Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

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