Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Risk Factors for the Low and High Ankle-Brachial Index in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Li, Jue; Hasimu, Buaijiaer; Yu, Jinming; Wang, Jing; Hu, Dayi

doi:10.1248/jhs.52.97

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…22 In the present study, PAD prevalence was 32.2%, almost 2-fold higher, and the difference in these reported prevalences is likely to be caused by the different sample sizes and diagnostic criteria used in the studies. The prevalence of atherosclerosis in type 2 DM is significantly higher because the excessive metabolism of lipid and glucose damages vascular endothelial cells, resulting in large vessel disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Risk Factors of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Relationship Between Low Ankle - Brachial Index and Mortality From All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Luo

et al. 2007

Circ J

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eripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a clinical manifestation of the atherosclerotic process, which is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased CVD risk. [1][2][3] Noninvasive testing reveals that up to 20% of elderly individuals have PAD 4-7 and because only a small percentage of these individuals are symptomatic, the condition is poorly recognized in primary care practice. 8,9 Several cohort studies have shown that a low ankle -brachial index (ABI) is a risk factor of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality among people with and without existing clinical coronary artery disease, and among people with existing peripheral vascular disease. [10][11][12] Low ABI is also associated with the incidence of stroke in the elderly. 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM), a major chronic disease, is able to accelerate atherosclerosis and numerous studies have identified it as a key risk factor for PAD. 13-17 Several cohort and randomly selected studies have revealed that CVD event rates in patients with PAD and DM are higher than in their nondiabetic counterparts. 18,19 The adjusted risk of death for PAD patients with DM is 2-fold higher than in patients without DM. 20 A recent prospective study reported Circulation Journal Vol. 71, March 2007 that in diabetic patients with low ABI (<0.9), CVD and allcause mortalities were 31.7 and 70.5 per 1000 personyears, respectively. 21 Except for 1 study that reported 16.7% PAD prevalence in Chinese patients with type 2 DM, this issue has not been researched extensively. 22 Thus, the purposes of this study were to evaluate the risk factors of PAD and to elucidate the relationship between ABI and mortality from all-cause and CVD in diabetic Chinese patients. Methods Study SubjectsSubjects were recruited from the endocrinology or cardiology in-patient clinic at 8 university hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai from July to November 2004. Participants were diagnosed as diabetic if they had a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7 mmol/L, reported use of hypoglycemic medication, or had DM at the baseline examination. The inclusion criteria were age older than or equal to 35 years, and FPG ≥7 mmol/L or 2hPG ≥11.1, or reported having DM at the baseline examination. The exclusion criteria were severe heart failure or renal failure and patients with an ABI >1.4. There were 1,706 participants in the DM cohort, 59 of whom had missing follow-up data. Therefore, the study sample comprised 1,647 valid participants (815 men, 832 women; mean age 67.8±10.6 years) who were followed up from November 2004 to January 2006. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tongji University and informed consent was given by the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…21 Except for 1 study that reported 16.7% PAD prevalence in Chinese patients with type 2 DM, this issue has not been researched extensively. 22 Thus, the purposes of this study were to evaluate the risk factors of PAD and to elucidate the relationship between ABI and mortality from all-cause and CVD in diabetic Chinese patients. …”

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confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Relationship Between Low Ankle - Brachial Index and Mortality From All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Luo

et al. 2007

Circ J

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“…13 In this study, PAD prevalence was 27.5% in hypertension patients, which was much higher than that in diabetic patients. It is possible that patients with hypertension had a higher risk for PAD than patients with type II diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Consistent with the previous study, female gender was shown as a risk factor for low ABI. 13 This study showed that patients with low ABI had a lower BMI; however, BMI was not an independent risk for low ABI after logistic regression analysis. In our study, patients with low ABI were also associated with higher SBP, and DBP was not significantly different between low ABI and normal ABI by univariate analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…12 Except for one study that reported 16.7% PAD prevalence in Chinese patients with hypertension, this issue has not been researched extensively. 13 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of PAD and to elucidate the relationship between ABI and mortality from all-cause and CVD in Chinese patients with hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease and relationship between low ankle brachial index and mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease in Chinese patients with hypertension

Luo

Zheng

et al. 2007

J Hum Hypertens

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the relationship between ankle brachial index (ABI) and mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chinese patients with hypertension. The ABI cohort Study was designed to investigate risk factors of PAD and the relationship between ABI and mortality from all-cause and CVD in Chinese patients. ABI was identified at baseline by measuring systolic pressure at bilateral brachial and tibial arteries. Mortality surveillance was completed from November 2005 to January 2006. Among 3047 participants with hypertension at baseline, 839 (27.5%) were in the low-ABI group. Older age, female gender, higher serum level of triglycerides, lower serum level of high-density lipoprotein, a history of diabetes and a history of smoking were associated with low ABI. During the 13-month follow-up, there were 252 deaths, of which 100 died of CVD. Low ABI was associated with mortality from all-cause and CVD, whose adjusted relative risk was 1.619 (95% confidence interval 1.190-2.203) and 2.454 (1.531-3.933), respectively, in Cox regression models. The survival rate was significantly lower in the low-ABI group than in the normal-ABI group. This study demonstrated that low ABI was independently associated with a high risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Chinese patients with hypertension. ABI should be promoted as an ideal tool to predict mortality in diabetic patients.

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Application of classification techniques on development an early-warning system for chronic illnesses

Jen

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2012

Expert Systems with Applications

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Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Risk Factors for the Low and High Ankle-Brachial Index in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Risk Factors of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Relationship Between Low Ankle - Brachial Index and Mortality From All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Risk Factors of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Relationship Between Low Ankle - Brachial Index and Mortality From All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease and relationship between low ankle brachial index and mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease in Chinese patients with hypertension

Application of classification techniques on development an early-warning system for chronic illnesses

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