Prevalence of Periodontitis and Soft Tissue
Lesions among Human Immunodeficiency
Virus-positive Patients on Antiretroviral
Therapy in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Muralidharan, Shrikanth; Acharya, Arun Kumar; Margabandhu, Shanthi; Kalekhan, Sufiyan; Ahsan, Sameer; Kulkarni, Dinraj

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2209

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

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Periodontitis and Cytomegalovirus Associate With Atherosclerosis Among HIV Patients After 5 Years on ART

Wulandari

Wijaya

Karim

et al. 2020

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Objectives: Atherosclerosis has been linked with periodontitis in the general population and with persistent immune activation and a high burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV patients responding to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we assess risk factors for cardiovascular changes in younger HIV patients representative of patient populations in Asia. Study Design: HIV-infected adults (n = 82) with <200 CD4 T-cells/μl were examined as they began ART at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, and after 3 months. 32 patients were re-assessed after 5 years, alongside 32 age-matched healthy controls. Methods: We assessed the community periodontal index of treatment needs, carotid -thickness (cIMT), plasma markers of immune activation (using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and CMV antibodies by in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Periodontitis persisted in 16/32 patients after 5 years and was potentiated by greater age (P = 0.03) and poor oral hygiene (P = 0.05), with no effect of smoking, pulmonary tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, or low CD4+ T-cell counts (P > 0.05). After 5 years on ART, right and left cIMT were greater in HIV patients with periodontitis (P = 0.02, 0.006, respectively). Moreover, cIMT values were higher in patients with periodontitis (P = 0.05–0.01) than in equivalent controls. Simple linear regressions showed that patients with periodontitis had greater right (P = 0.01) and left (P = 0.004) cIMT than those without periodontitis. Multiple linear regressions showed that periodontitis and CMV antibody levels optimally predicted poor right and left cIMT (Adjusted R2 = 0.36, P = 0.0013; Adjusted R2 = 0.40, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our data identify periodontitis and CMV as independent predictors of atherosclerosis in young adult HIV patients.

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Periodontitis and Cytomegalovirus Associate With Atherosclerosis Among HIV Patients After 5 Years on ART

Wulandari

Wijaya

Karim

et al. 2020

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs of HIV positive transgenders in Odisha - a cross-sectional study

Kumar

Rai

2022

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene

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Prevalence of Oral Lesions and Its Associated Risk Factors Among PLHIV Availing Anti-Retroviral Therapy from a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry - A Cross Sectional Analytical Study

Jana

Sahu

Sivaranjini

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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Background and Objectives: Oral lesions are among the earliest and most important indicators of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The presence of oral lesions has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the PLHIV. Hence, a novel attempt is made to assess the prevalence of various types of oral lesions among the adult people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Methodology: In this facility-based cross-sectional study, a total of 239 out of 300 eligible PLHIV were assessed between September and October 2018. All consecutive eligible patients encountered during the data collection period were included. Oral examination was carried out using disposable mouth mirrors, sterile piece of cotton, and bright illuminated torch. Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities was found to be 25% (95% confidence interval: 20.03–30.97). The most prevalent oral lesions were acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, and candidiasis. CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 , current tobacco use, and alcohol usage were significantly associated with the prevalence of oral lesions. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study revealed that one-fourth of the study participants had oral lesions. Strategies for early detection and prompt treatment of oral lesions need to be planned and incorporated in the program to reduce the morbidity due to oral lesions.

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Prevalence of Periodontitis and Soft Tissue Lesions among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Periodontitis and Cytomegalovirus Associate With Atherosclerosis Among HIV Patients After 5 Years on ART

Periodontitis and Cytomegalovirus Associate With Atherosclerosis Among HIV Patients After 5 Years on ART

Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs of HIV positive transgenders in Odisha - a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of Oral Lesions and Its Associated Risk Factors Among PLHIV Availing Anti-Retroviral Therapy from a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry - A Cross Sectional Analytical Study

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