Prevalence of palatal rugae shapes in Karnataka and Kerala population: A cross-sectional study

Savita, J. K.; Kumar, B N Yathindra; Satish, G; Divya, K; Ranjitha, J Sri Jaya; Pujari, Ravi Kumar

doi:10.4103/2231-0762.183113

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Kapali and colleagues [ 19 ] studied the pattern of palatal rugae in Australian Aborigines and Caucasians and observed the number, length, shape, direction and unification of the rugae. Several studies have shown a significant association between rugae forms and ethnicity [ 1 , 2 , 17 – 27 , 29 – 31 , 37 ]. Due to the variation of the rugae pattern in different ethnicities, there is a need to provide information on the distal extent of the rugae in the Jordanian population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal extension of palatal rugae as a limitation for donor soft tissue grafts in a Jordanian population: A cross-sectional study

Said

Khalid²,

Farook

2021

BMC Oral Health

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Background The purpose of the cross sectional study was to investigate the distal extension of the rugae area in a Jordanian (Middle Eastern) population, as an anatomical limitation influencing the surgical decision of harvesting a palatal soft tissue graft. Factors that may influence or predict the extension were also assessed. Methods Sixty periodontally healthy participants (29 males and 31 females) were included. Maxillary alginate impressions were made and casts were poured. The measurements were highlighted from the origin of the rugae (near mid palatine raphe) to the terminal end with a sharp graphite pencil on the cast and a magnification lens was used for identification. The most posterior extension of the rugae were marked on the casts and determined by a standardized periodontal probe. The normal approximation test for binomial distribution was used to determine the proportion of the subjects with rugael extensions beyond the mesial end of the upper second premolar and fisher’s exact test for the purpose of analysis of the association of this extension with other factors. Results In almost half (41.7%) of the sample, the rugae extended distal to the upper second premolar, 23.3% extended to the mid-palatal of the upper second premolar, and 11.7% extended to the mesial of the upper second premolar. The implication is that 90.0% of the rugae reached the upper second premolar and 78.3% extended beyond its mesial aspect. The normal approximation test performed with 95% CI with the "rugael extension proximal to the mesial end of the upper 2nd premolar" considered to be the "success" category revealed that the proportion of the subjects with rugael extensions proximal to the mesial end of the upper second premolar was significantly lower than the proportion beyond the mesial end of the upper second premolar (95% CI of 11.2–32.0%, p = .00001). There was no significant difference between gender, smoking status, gingival phenotype and palatal shape with the posterior extension of palatal rugae. Conclusions Palatal rugae in a sample of a Jordanian population extends beyond the mesial aspect of the upper second premolar which may cause a substantial limitation for graft harvesting from the palate. The hard palate of Jordanian patients may not be a reliable source of soft tissue grafts required for aesthetic mucogingival surgery. No significant association existed between the most posterior extent of palatal rugae and gender, gingival phenotype or palatal shape. Other possible sources should be explored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal extension of palatal rugae as a limitation for donor soft tissue grafts in a Jordanian population: A cross-sectional study

Said

Khalid²,

Farook

2021

BMC Oral Health

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“…This was followed by curved, straight and unification pattern of rugae. Study by J K Savitha et al 23 has seen similar results where curved rugae were more prominent in Kerala population as compared to Karnataka population. Horizontal rugae alignment and droplet-shaped incisive papilla was identified among all three skeletal dysplasia groups.The study by Ekrem Oral et al 10 also reported droplet-shaped incisive papilla to be the most common type in Turkish population.…”

Section: Table 2: Chi Square Test Showing the Shape Of The Incisive Papilla Among The Groups Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…According to Thomas 1983, palatal rugae do not undergo any changes except in length, throughout a person's life probably due to underlying growth. 11 Comparative studies performed amongst geographically diverse populations belonging to Indian regions such as Karnataka and Kerala 23 and Manipur and Kerala 5 , have demonstrated important differences in rugae pattern. A study comparing two groups of Indian population (southern Indians and western Indians) predominantly showed the prevalence of wavy and curved rugae forms followed by straight rugae pattern.…”

Section: Table 2: Chi Square Test Showing the Shape Of The Incisive Papilla Among The Groups Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Palatal Rugae in Various Sagittal Skeletal Malocclusions in Kerala Population- A Retrospective Study

2020

IJFMT

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The present study was designed evaluate the structural morphology of palatal rugae in Kerala orthodontic subjects with varying Sagittal Skeletal Malocclusions. Pretreatment maxillary casts of 105 patients were analyzed for rugae patterns qualitatively and quantitatively using modified Thomas and Kotze classification. The data were statistically analyzed. According to the Fishers exact test, the most common type of rugae pattern in all the groups (Class I, Class II, and Class III) were observed to be wavy followed by curved. Skeletal Class III had the highest number of straight rugae 71.4% among the three groups which was statistically significant. Direction of rugal alignment was horizontal and droplet-shaped incisive papilla was identified among different skeletal dysplasia groups.Palatal ruage may serve as valuable indicators for population identification and help in facial reconstructions through their association with varying skeletal malocclusions.

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“…The mean dimensions of males were higher than the females in Kerala city whereas in Karnata city, females possessed the higher dimensions than males. 11 Similarly, Pappu BT calculated the individual length of rugae and explored a higher mean length of rugae in males (5.96±0.64) than in females (4.28±0.34). 12 This may be due to a vast disparity seen in the methodology in calculating the palatal rugae dimensions by different investigators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Palatal Rugae in sub-population of Pakistani adults

Hassan¹,

Baqar²,

Ilyas³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Background: Despite the existence of the most reliable and authentic tools of personal identification such as fingerprints, dental, and DNA analysis, the palatal rugae are recommended as an adjuvant aid in forensic diagnosis. Palatal rugoscopy or palatoscopy aims to specify a person’s identity and gender discrimination. Aim: To determine the morphological pattern of palatal rugae considering gender. Settings and design: Cross-sectional study, calcorrugoscopy, chi-square test Material: This incorporated 360 subjects encompassing an equal ratio of the male and female genders. Undertaking the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, calcorrugoscopy technique was utilized in which maxillary casts were obtained through irreversible hydrocolloid impression material (Cavex cream alginate – fast set) and poured in type III dental stone. The assessed morphological parameters were shape and unification. Trobo’s classification and Thomas and Kotze’s criteria were used to assess shape and unification respectively to assess the qualitative aspect of palatal rugae. Descriptive analysis was generated in terms of frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Results: The most frequently occurred rugae pattern was sinuous followed by a line with divergent unification. Sexual dimorphism was not evident among the selected subjects regarding rugae shape and unification configuration.Moreover, the same trend regarding shape and unification was repeated on both sides of the palate, with no significant difference noted in number of palatal rugae undertaking both sides. Conclusions: Every individual possesses a unique rugae pattern irrespective of gender. Keywords: Cross- sectional, Adults, Gender dimorphism, Pakistan, Palatal rugae

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Prevalence of palatal rugae shapes in Karnataka and Kerala population: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Distal extension of palatal rugae as a limitation for donor soft tissue grafts in a Jordanian population: A cross-sectional study

Distal extension of palatal rugae as a limitation for donor soft tissue grafts in a Jordanian population: A cross-sectional study

Morphology of Palatal Rugae in Various Sagittal Skeletal Malocclusions in Kerala Population- A Retrospective Study

The Pattern of Palatal Rugae in sub-population of Pakistani adults

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