Prevalence of p24 antigen among a cohort of HIV antibody negative blood donors in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria - the question of safety of blood transfusion in Nigeria

Erhabor, O; Mohammed, N. A. D. R.; Zama, Isaac; Ahmed, Y; Dorcas, Ikhuenbor; Festus, Aghedo; Kwaifa, Ibrahim; Sani, Ibrahim

doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.18.174.3449

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The blood donor HIV rate of 1.3% in 2010 was also less than 4.1% of the general population [25]. These rates are within the estimated values ranging between 1.0 % and 6 % reported from other regions of the country for blood donors [4,5,[9][10]. Marked differences in the prevalence among regions in Nigeria is due to cultural differences, varying level of education, religion, differing socio-economic structure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

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A Seven Year Review of the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in a Hospital Based Blood Bank in Ibadan, Nigeria

Fasola¹

2017

CMR

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Africa has the highest prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. The World Health Organization recommends universal and quality-controlled screening of blood donations for the major transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs): human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis. Therefore a retrospective study was conducted to assess the effect of strategies in our blood bank to improve blood safety on the seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis infections among the donors over a seven year period. Existing data in the blood bank was used to determine number of the blood donors who were infected with HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis. The test methods used to screen the donors were identified. The trend of prevalence of the transfusion transmitted infections among the blood donors from 2009 to 2015 was also determine. A total of 41,445 blood donors were screened. Voluntary blood donors constituted 11.1% of the donor population. The overall seroprevalence rate for the TTI was 12.3%. The prevalence was highest for HBV (8.5%) followed by HIV (1.8%), HCV (1.4%) and least for syphilis (0.5%) respectively. The infections showed significant inter-year variation (p<.001). A decreasing trend was observed for HBV among the blood donors while increase in prevalence of HIV, HCV and syphilis was observed from 2012 to 2014 and decreased in 2015. The prevalence of syphilis has risen from 0% in 2009 to 0.9% in 2015. The seroprevalence for TTI is high but is less compared to report from a previous study in same blood bank. The increasing infection rate for syphilis and sporadic surges in rates for HIV, HCV may suggest that the selection criteria is not effectively eliminating blood donors with risky lifestyle. There is need to educate the blood donors on avoiding risky lifestyle while also intensifying voluntary blood donor motivation strategy and increase community surveillance of the infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Over the last decade many blood banks in the country have included screening for hepatitis C. The seroprevalence rate for HIV among blood donors is different in various parts of the country. It ranges from 1.0 to 5.8% [4,8,10]. A previous study showed fluctuating high seroprevalence rates among our blood donors 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

A Seven Year Review of the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in a Hospital Based Blood Bank in Ibadan, Nigeria

Fasola¹

2017

CMR

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“…29 Unlike serology, NAT has the ability to detect occult HBV infection as well as preseroconversion "window" phase infections. 31,32 Cited costs of HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen, and HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are $5.7 $3.6, and $3.6/unit respectively; in contrast, corresponding RDTs cost $0.62, $0.50, and $0.40/unit. 33 The cited costs do not factor in the purchasing power parity; that is, $5.7 in Nigeria is the equivalent of $97.38 in the United States.…”

Section: Biological Testing and Pathogen Reduction Of Blood Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood transfusion safety in sub‐Saharan Africa: A literature review of changes and challenges in the 21st century

Weimer

Tagny

Tapko³

et al. 2018

Transfusion

107

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BACKGROUND Access to a safe, adequate blood supply has proven challenging in sub‐Saharan Africa, where systemic deficiencies spanning policy, collections, testing, and posttransfusion surveillance have long been recognized. Progress in transfusion safety in the early 2000s was in large part due to intervention by the World Health Organization and other foreign governmental bodies, coupled with an influx of external funding. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A review of the literature was conducted to identify articles pertaining to blood safety in sub‐Saharan Africa from January 2009 to March 2018. The search was directed toward addressing the major elements of the blood safety chain, in the countries comprising the World Health Organization African region. Of 1380 articles, 531 met inclusion criteria and 136 articles were reviewed. RESULTS External support has been associated with increased recruitment of voluntary donors and expanded testing for the major transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). However, the rates of TTIs among donors remain high. Regional education and training initiatives have been implemented, and a tiered accreditation process has been adopted. However, a general decline in funding for transfusion safety (2009 onwards) has strained the ability to maintain or improve transfusion‐related services. Critical areas of need include data collection and dissemination, epidemiological surveillance for TTIs, donor recruitment, quality assurance and oversight (notably laboratory testing), and hemovigilance. CONCLUSION Diminishing external support has been challenging for regional transfusion services. Critical areas of deficiency in regional blood transfusion safety remain. Nonetheless, substantive gains in education, training, and accreditation suggest durable gains in regional capacity.

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“…As earlier stated, CRF02_AG remains the predominant subtype among high risk groups in Oyo State. The strain is the predominant circulating virus in West Africa 6,20,27,42,43 . Although CRF02_AG was first described in Ibadan, Nigeria, the origin of the virus is still not known especially now that the strain is prevalent in several regions of the world.…”

Section: Subtypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant forms (CRF02_AG, G, A, B, C, D, CRF06_cpx, URFs etc.) have been characterized in the country previously 6 . Several HIV-1 high risk groups such as commercial sex workers 7,8 , voluntary blood donors 9,10 , long distance drivers [11][12][13] , mammy markets contiguous to military facilities 14 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Early HIV-1 Infection among Febrile Persons and Blood Donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

Olusola

Odaibo

2020

Preprint

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About 37.9 million persons are infected with HIV globally resulting in 770,000 deaths. Over 50% of this infection and deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa with countries like Nigeria greatly affected. The country also has one of the highest rates of new infections globally. Diverse HIV-1 subtypes have been identified in the country. Febrile persons and blood donors pose a great transmission risk in the country especially during the early stages of infection. HIV-1 rapid kits are routinely used for diagnosis among the general population and high-risk groups. However, there is limited information on the usefulness of HIV rapid kits for early detection especially in areas where diverse HIV-1 subtypes circulate. In this study, the prevalence of early HIV-1 infection as well as circulating HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors were determined. Furthermore, the sensitivity of a widely used HIV-1 rapid antibody kit was compared with those of Antigen/Antibody ELISA based methods. Participants were recruited from selected hospitals in Ibadan and Saki, Nigeria. The prevalence of early HIV infection among 1028 febrile persons (Ibadan: 2.22%; Saki: 1.36%) and blood donors (5.07%) studied were significantly different (P<0.03674). CRF02_AG was the predominant subtype detected with more diverse HIV-1 subtypes observed among febrile persons compared to blood donors. About 1.2% of the samples detected on Antibody-based ELISA methods were undetectable on the HIV-1 rapid antibody kit. Genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains among infected individuals in Oyo State, Nigeria is still relatively high. This diversity is likely impacting on the diagnosis.

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Prevalence of p24 antigen among a cohort of HIV antibody negative blood donors in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria - the question of safety of blood transfusion in Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

A Seven Year Review of the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in a Hospital Based Blood Bank in Ibadan, Nigeria

A Seven Year Review of the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in a Hospital Based Blood Bank in Ibadan, Nigeria

Blood transfusion safety in sub‐Saharan Africa: A literature review of changes and challenges in the 21st century

Detection of Early HIV-1 Infection among Febrile Persons and Blood Donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

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