Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its risk factors in adults Type 1 Diabetic patients among Saudi general population

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide, has seen an increasing global incidence in recent years, establishing it as a significant public health issue. Notably, individuals with Type 1 Diabetes often have a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) compared to the general population. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional web-based study was conducted, collecting data through an online questionnaire. This tool, designed based on literature reviews and expert consultations, gathered information on demographics, medical history, BMI, diabetes details, dietary habits and lifestyle. Results: Out of 250 type 1 diabetic patients aged between 18 and 45 years (mean age 26.0 ± 11.8 years) who completed the survey, 187 (74.8%) were females. The study found that 29.2% were overweight and 19.6% were obese. Overweight/obesity was observed in 66.7% of smokers and the same percentage of those who exercised at the gym. Moreover, overweight and obesity rates were significantly higher among patients who did not adhere to a high-fiber diet compared to those who did (66.7% vs. 46.4%, respectively; P=.049). Conclusion:The study highlighted that nearly half of the patients with diabetes were overweight or obese. Factors such as age, smoking and unhealthy diet correlated significantly with the obesity rate among individuals with Type 1 Diabetes.