Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies

Abstract

In Nigeria, several studies have assessed the prevalence of overweight/obesity with different reports. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze these overweight and obesity reports from different locations in Nigeria over the last ten years. In addition, there was a dearth of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevalence, trends, and demographic characteristics of overweight and obesity in the country. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional population-based studies among adult Nigerians on the prevalence of overweight/ obesity (defined by body mass index) published from January 2010 to December 2020. Relevant abstracts were scrutinized and articles that included adults of all age groups and were not restricted to a particular group of people (e.g. university community) were selected. Each article was scrutinized by more than 2 authors before selection. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among all participants, among men and among women in Nigeria and its 6 geopolitical zones was determined. All analyses were performed using STATA version 14 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA). Thirty-three studies were selected and the number of participants was 37,205. The estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27.6%, and 14.5% respectively. The prevalence of overweight among men and among women was 26.3% and 28.3% respectively and, the prevalence of obesity among men and women was 10.9% and 23.0% respectively. The prevalence of overweight in the 6 geopolitical zones was Southeast 29.3%, Southwest 29.3%, South-south 27.9%, Northwest 27.2%, North-central 25.3%, Northeast 20.0% and obesity South-south 24.7%, Southeast 15.7%, Southwest 13.9%, Northwest 10.4%, North-central 10.2%, Northeast 6.4%. Egger’s tests showed no statistically significant publication bias among the studies that reported the overweight and obesity prevalence respectively (p = 0.225, P 0.350). The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Nigeria is high. The southern geopolitical zones had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity.

Effect of motivational interviewing on lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension attending the family medicine clinics of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria – A randomized controlled trial (MILMAPH Study)

“…52–54 Obesity is also associated with premature death, hypertension, breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures and other disability in adulthood when present in children. 52,54,55 Findings from our study compare to findings from an RCT assessing the effect of MI on wellness which found a significant improvement in BMI and WC following intervention with MI over 6 months compared to controls. 38 A prospective intervention study that involved the use of MI among hypertensive patients in Sweden over 1 year found a statistically significant improvement in weight, BMI and waist circumference.…”

10-year level, trends and socio-demographic disparities of obesity among Ghanaian adults—A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

“…An earlier study in Ghana [ 18 ] found women to have a 1.3 times and 3.7 times higher prevalence of overweight and obesity respectively than men with urban dwellers registering a prevalence rates of 10.5% and 12.6% higher for overweight and obesity compared to rural dwellers. In the study conducted in Nigeria [ 38 ], pooled data from studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 was used in a meta- analysis and the prevalence of overweight was higher among women by 2% than men and obesity prevalence among women was 12.1% higher than in men. Ekpor et al [ 39 ] studied overweight and obesity prevalence in the larger Africa region and noted that females were more likely to be overweight and obese compared to their male counterparts.…”

Overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Nigeria; an emerging, but under-reported epidemic

“…Marital status Respondent's marital status was categorized and coded into; not married (0) and married (1).…”

“…The prevalence of overweight/obesity is rapidly increasing in the low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in Africa [ 1 , 2 ]. For more than four decades, the prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents has been increasing rapidly globally, and more importantly in Africa [ 3 , 4 ].…”