Prevalence of Oral Lesions and Correlation with Intestinal Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are widely studied. Oral manifestations are manifold, miscellaneous, and hardly detected by general practitioners and gastroenterologists. Objectives: The main purpose of this systematic review is to find all the possible correlations between inflammatory bowel disease and the oral cavity in order to underline the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation with dental care providers, and to secure better treatments for patients. Materials and methods: Articles were searched up to June 2019 through Ebsco’s, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The search terms included IBD, oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative colitis, an extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD, oral Crohn’s disease, and paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Discussion: The prevalence of the oral manifestation of IBD ranges from 0.7% to 37% in adults and from about 7% to 23% in children. They can be divided into specific manifestations (cobblestoning mucosa, mucosal tags, cheilitis granulomatosa, pyostomatitis vegetans) and nonspecific manifestations (halitosis, dysphagia, aphthous ulcerations, deep oral fissuring, cheilitis angularis, taste changes, lichen planus). Moreover, the link between IBD and the higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontitis have also been studied. Conclusions: The presence of oral manifestations that precede or follow intestinal symptoms of IBD, must be taken into serious consideration from both gastroenterologists and dentists in order to allow for early diagnosis and improve patients’ quality of life.

Increased risks of dental caries and periodontal disease in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease

“…Dental caries and periodontal disease are the two most prevalent forms of chronic oral diseases, and not only affect oral physiological function and physical appearance but are also associated with systemic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and respiratory diseases. In recent years, a number of reports have examined the association between oral diseases and digestive diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).…”

“…Approximately 16.7%–40% of IBD patients have at least one extraintestinal manifestation, and the oral cavity is one of the most frequently affected areas. In 1969, Dudeney first reported granulomatous inflammation of the buccal mucosa in a CD patient.…”

Taste Changes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Associations with PROP Phenotypes and polymorphisms in the salivary protein, Gustin and CD36 Receptor Genes

“…The overall reduction in taste in IBD patients can be well understood in the light of the manifold oral pathologies observed in these patients [18]. These pathologies can be specific or non-specific manifestations.…”

“…Systemic inflammation and compromised immunity are characteristic features of IBD that put these patients at greater risk for oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis [18]. Thus, it is plausible that IBD affects overall taste function as well.…”

Biosensor and Lab-on-a-chip Biomarker-identifying Technologies for Oral and Periodontal Diseases

“…Since periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with microbial dysbiosis and host-driven tissue destruction (Atieh et al, 2014;Artese et al, 2015;Garde et al, 2019;Baeza et al, 2020) (Darre et al, 2008Engebretson and Kocher, 2013;Faggion Jr. et al, 2016;Ziukaite et al, 2018;Jain et al, 2019) Cardiovascular disease (Mustapha et al, 2007;Paraskevas et al, 2008;Freitas et al, 2012;Teeuw et al, 2014;Munz et al, 2018;Roca-Millan et al, 2018;Joshi et al, 2019;Munoz Aguilera et al, 2020) ( Bahekar et al, 2007;Blaizot et al, 2009;Almeida et al, 2018) Rheumatoid arthritis (Han and Reynolds, 2012;Kaur et al, 2014;Bender et al, 2017;Calderaro et al, 2017;Eskandari-Nasab et al, 2017;Hussain et al, 2020) ( Tang et al, 2017;Qiao et al, 2020) Obesity (Akram et al, 2016) (Papageorgiou et al, 2015) Irritable bowel disease * (Eskandari-Nasab et al, 2017;Papageorgiou et al, 2017;Lauritano et al, 2019;She et al, 2020) Osteoporosis (Kornman, 2008;Darveau, 2010), it is recognized that a single oral pathogen would not be sufficient to induce the most common forms of periodontitis. However, historically there were several studies focused on small subgroups of patients with rapidly progressing bone destruction occurring around certain teeth (molars and incisors), called localized aggressive periodontitis, whi...…”