Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in Chronic Renal Failure and Renal Transplant Pediatric Patients

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with candidiasis in chronic renal failure (CRF) and renal transplant (RT) patients. A cross-sectional study was made of 66 patients who were divided into 2 groups: group A (33 patients), RT patients, and group B (33 patients), who had been diagnosed with CRF. Data with respect to demographics, treatment type and duration, clinical laboratory results for blood leucocytes, oral hygiene, and diagnosis of oral candidiasis were collected. Risk factors associated with candidiasis were evaluated. Among the 66 patients, 21 showed microbiologic evidence of oral candidiasis; 12 of these were from the RT group and 9 were from the CRF patients. Children who were renally compromised (RT and CRF) presented a frequency of oral candidiasis of 31.82%, with no difference between study groups. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species from RT and CRF patients. Duration of therapy and oral hygiene were the variables associated with the presence of oral candidiasis.

Salivary pH and colonization by oral Candida in children and adolescents submitted to haemodialysis

“…that assessed samples of subgingival plaque and saliva from adult patients undergoing HD therapy. Likewise, Olivas‐Escárcega et al . did not find any significant difference in relation to oral cavity colonization by C. albicans among transplanted and CKD patients.…”

“…The data in the literature show that local and systemic factors can alter the Candida load in patients’ oral cavities. Previous studies have shown that this occurrence can vary according to ethnicity and gender (males may be more commonly affected than females) and can increase with age. In a study performed by Yazdani et al ., the authors described higher colony counts in women than in men, but they found no association with age.…”

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and haemodialysis (HD) therapy produce an immune deficiency condition that predisposes renal patients to opportunistic infections caused by fungi, which may increase the risk of oral clinical lesions becoming pathogenic. An increase in the incidence of oral candidiasis has been detected in this compromised population.…”

“…Although Candida albicans remains the predominant aetiological species of candidiasis worldwide, invasive candidiasis and candidemia frequently can be initiated by non‐ albicans Candida species. The occurrence of invasive candidiasis and candidemia is usually related to invasive procedures, placement of catheters and prosthetic devices, or even parenteral hyperalimentation and could persist in the nosocomial environment.…”

“…Some researchers have investigated oral Candida colonization among patients with CKD, but few studies have been conducted on young patients. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to evaluate the frequency of oral Candida species among children and adolescents undergoing HD therapy, to identify the isolated species, and to research the relationship between haemodialysis duration, number of colony‐forming units, and salivary pH.…”