Prevalence of open defecation among households with toilets and associated factors in rural areas of district Sonepat in Haryana

Rani, Babita; Yadav, Anshu; Jha, Sanjay Kumar; Punia, Anita; Singh, Sanjeet

doi:10.4103/ed.ed_22_20

Cited by 2 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to addressing the regional and socioeconomic disparities in improved sanitation coverage, there is a need to examine small-area level variation and associated predictors 16–18. Previous studies have explored regional-level, HH-level and individual-level factors associated with OD practices to contextualise the problem of OD in India 16–21. A significant regional disparity in sanitation practices results in a wide gap in improved sanitation coverage between economically advanced and underdeveloped regions in India 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant regional disparity in sanitation practices results in a wide gap in improved sanitation coverage between economically advanced and underdeveloped regions in India 16. The educational and economic status were found to be key individual and HH-level drivers of open defection in India and elsewhere 13 17 21. Many studies have examined the religious and cultural divide in sanitation practices and have highlighted that deeply ingrained religious beliefs, caste system and associated traditional practices also limit improvements in sanitation practices 18–22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a substantial body of literature on the regional, HH and individual determinants of OD practices in India, while studies that focus on the spatial heterogeneity and predictors of OD using district-level data are limited. Most studies that have used spatial measures in India have attempted to contextualise the geographical clustering of water, sanitation and hand washing practices using composite indices23–25 and have explored the spatial heterogeneity of OD practices in northern India 17 26. However, the factors accountable for the spatial disparity in OD practice in India remain unanswered 17 23–26.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies that have used spatial measures in India have attempted to contextualise the geographical clustering of water, sanitation and hand washing practices using composite indices23–25 and have explored the spatial heterogeneity of OD practices in northern India 17 26. However, the factors accountable for the spatial disparity in OD practice in India remain unanswered 17 23–26. Additionally, the substantial regional gap in OD practices between the north and south of India is well documented,16 18 26 but the factors contributing to this north-south divide remain unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the spatial divide in open defecation practices across India: an application of spatial regression and Fairlie decomposition model

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThe study contextualises the spatial heterogeneity and associated drivers of open defecation (OD) in India.DesignThe present study involved a secondary cross-sectional survey data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted during 2019–2021 in India. We mapped the spatial heterogeneity of OD practices using LISA clustering techniques and assessed the critical drivers of OD using multivariate regression models. Fairlie decomposition model was used to identify the factors responsible for developing OD hot spots and cold spots.Setting and participantsThe study was conducted in India and included 636 699 sampled households within 36 states and union territories covering 707 districts of India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome measure was the prevalence of OD.ResultsThe prevalence of OD was almost 20%, with hot spots primarily located in the north-central belts of the country. The rural–urban (26% vs 6%), illiterate-higher educated (32% vs 4%) and poor-rich (52% vs 2%) gaps in OD were very high. The odds of OD were 2.7 and 1.9 times higher in rural areas and households without water supply service on premises compared with their counterparts. The spatial error model identified households with an illiterate head (coefficient=0.50, p=0.001) as the leading spatially linked predictor of OD, followed by the poorest (coefficient=0.31, p=0.001) and the Hindu (coefficient=0.10, p=0.001). The high-high and low-low cluster inequality in OD was 38%, with household wealth quintile (67%) found to be the most significant contributing factor, followed by religion (22.8%) and level of education (6%).ConclusionThe practice of OD is concentrated in the north-central belt of India and is particularly among the poor, illiterate and socially backward groups. Policy measures should be taken to improve sanitation practices, particularly in high-focus districts and among vulnerable groups, by adopting multispectral and multisectoral approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Unveiling the spatial divide in open defecation practices across India: an application of spatial regression and Fairlie decomposition model

et al. 2023

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Prevalence of Open Defecation Practice and Associated Factors Among Households in Geshiyaro Project Implementation Sites in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alemu,

Adugna,

Kidane

et al. 2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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Background: Open defecation is a significant global challenge, impacting public health, environmental sanitation, and social well-being, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. It is the second-largest cause of disease burden worldwide by facilitating the spread of germs that cause diarrhea diseases. Studies examining open defecation practices are insufficient, especially in areas implementing Ethiopia’s Geshiyaro project. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of open defecation practice and associated factors in the study area. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2023. The total number of households included in this study was 7995. A structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect data. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA version 16. Results: The study found that 16.5% of households practiced open defecation. The following factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of open defecation: residence (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.26-1.92), education (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.72), age (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.41-0.69), knowledge on diarrhea prevention (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17-1.50), marital status (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32-1.97), and awareness creation about WASH services (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.71-2.25). On the other hand, no significant association was observed between the occurrence of open defecation and the household’s income (AOR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.93-1.23) or the head of household sex (AOR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.78-1.12). Conclusion: Open defecation remains a critical public health concern in Ethiopia’s Geshiyaro project sites. Various factors influencing this practice have been identified. Targeted interventions are needed to enhance access to safe sanitation facilities and promote awareness of WASH services, aligning with SDG 3 target 3, and SDG 6 target 2.

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Prevalence of open defecation among households with toilets and associated factors in rural areas of district Sonepat in Haryana

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Unveiling the spatial divide in open defecation practices across India: an application of spatial regression and Fairlie decomposition model

Unveiling the spatial divide in open defecation practices across India: an application of spatial regression and Fairlie decomposition model

Prevalence of Open Defecation Practice and Associated Factors Among Households in Geshiyaro Project Implementation Sites in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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