Prevalence of Nosocomial Pathogens Associated with Medical Devices at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial infections (NIs), or healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are a significant health challenge in hospital settings, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased morbidity, and mortality rates. These infections arise from nosocomial pathogens (NPs) colonizing indwelling medical devices, presenting a formidable challenge due to escalating microbial resistance. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial bacterial and fungal pathogens on various indwelling medical devices utilized in the treatment of in-patients at PIMS hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2019. Endotracheal tubes (ETTs), urinary catheters tubes (UCTs), central venous catheters (CVCs), suction tubes, drainage tubes, and pharmaceutical tubes were collected from 95 in-patients affected by NIs in the respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and urinary systems. All specimens were processed following standard safety protocols. Results: Among the 95 collected indwelling medical devices, 74 were positive for various nosocomial bacterial and fungal pathogens, resulting in a prevalence rate of 78%. The prevalence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 58% and 20%, respectively, while fungal pathogens accounted for 22%. The distribution of pathogens varied among the specific devices, with ETTs, CVC, UCTs, and mixed tubes having prevalence rates of 38%, 18%, 30%, and 15%, respectively. Five NPs were identified: P. aeruginosa(24.3%), C. albicans (21.6%), E. coli (20.3%), S. aureus(20.3%), and K. pneumoniae (13.5%), with P. aeruginosa being the most prevalent. Conclusion: The high prevalence of NPs associated with medical devices presents a growing health concern, particularly in our healthcare setup. Implementing appropriate disinfection measures can aid in preventing such pathogens. Therefore, these study findings underscore the significance of clinical observations and surveillance of NIs to provide effective healthcare for the public.