Prevalence of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: Results from the first national point-prevalence survey

Sohn, Annette H.; Garrett, Denise O; Sinkowitz‐Cochran, Ronda L.; Grohskopf, Lisa A.; Levine, Gail; Stover, Beth H.; Siegel, Jane D.; Jarvis, William R.

doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.119442

Cited by 358 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus is the most common cause of late-onset BSI in our NICU, accounting for 45.8%, similar to the observations in developed countries, where CNS is the most important microorganism causing CA-BSI 8,12 . Other studies have shown previously that CNSes were the most frequent agents of BSI as in our NICU 7 .…”

Section: Conflict Of Interest Referencessupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Very limited information is available from developing countries on infection rates per hospital-days or device-days including Brazilian units 5 . Incidence density rates per healthcare-associated infection in few studies [6][7] were higher than those observed in most studies in the United States or Europe 8 .…”

Section: Reduction Of Catheter-associated Bloodstream Infections Thromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors associated to BSI include prematurity, low birth weight, poor skin integrity, low gestational age, use of parenteral nutrition (PN), central venous catheter (CVC), prolonged duration of NICU stay, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics 3,8 .…”

Section: Reduction Of Catheter-associated Bloodstream Infections Thromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections through procedures in newborn babies admitted in a university hospital intensive care unit in Brazil

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Brito

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: Catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) is the most common nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units. There is evidence that care bundles to reduce CA-BSI are effective in the adult literature. The aim of this study was to reduce CA-BSI in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit by means of a care bundle including few strategies or procedures of prevention and control of these infections. METHODS: An intervention designed to reduce CA-BSI with five evidence-based procedures was conducted. RESULTS: A total of sixty-seven (26.7%) CA-BSIs were observed. There were 46 (32%) episodes of culture-proven sepsis in group preintervention (24.1 per 1,000 catheter days [CVC days]). Neonates in the group after implementation of the intervention had 21 (19.6%) episodes of CA-BSI (14.9 per 1,000 CVC days). The incidence of CA-BSI decreased significantly after the intervention from the group preintervention and postintervention (32% to 19.6%, 24.1 per 1,000 CVC days to 14.9 per 1,000 CVC days, p=0.04). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the use of more than 3 antibiotics and length of stay >8 days were independent risk factors for BSI. CONCLUSIONS: A stepwise introduction of evidence-based intervention and intensive and continuous education of all healthcare workers are effective in reducing CA-BSI.

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Section: Conflict Of Interest Referencessupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Reduction Of Catheter-associated Bloodstream Infections Thromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections through procedures in newborn babies admitted in a university hospital intensive care unit in Brazil

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Brito

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…LOS is characterized by a high morbidity and mortality. The origin of LOS has traditionally been linked to colonization of intravascular catheters, however, recent studies demonstrated genetic incongruity between organisms isolated from blood culture and bacteria cultured from intravascular catheter tip, suggesting another origin [63][64][65]. Studies shown genetic similarity between cultured LOS pathogens and isolates from the gastrointestinal tract, indicating LOS pathogens might originate from the gut [66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Late Onset Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in Clinical Practice: Current State and Future Perspectives

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Increasing interest is noticed in the potential of volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis as non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in clinical medical practice. The spectrum of VOCs, originating from (patho)physiological metabolic processes in the human body and detectable in bodily excrements, such as exhaled breath, urine and feces, harbors a magnificent source of information. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on VOC analysis in exhaled breath, aiming at identification of disease-specific VOC profiles. Recently, an increasing number of studies have evaluated the usability of VOC present in the headspace of feces in the diagnostic work-up of a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. Promising results have been demonstrated particularly in those diseases in which microbiota alterations are considered to play a significant etiological role, such as colorectal carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease and infectious bowel diseases. In addition, fecal VOC analysis seems to have potential as a diagnostic biomarker for extra-intestinal diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and sepsis. Different methods for VOC analysis have been used in medical studies, such as gas-chromatography mass spectrometry, selected-ion flow tube-mass spectrometry, ion-mobility spectrometry, and electronic nose devices. In this review, the available literature on the potential of fecal VOCs as diagnostic biomarker, including an overview of relevant VOC detection techniques, is discussed. In addition, future hurdles, which need to be taken prior to implementation of VOC analysis in daily clinical practice, are outlined.

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“…This also applies to pediatric patients: patients treated in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) or pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are at the highest risk for HAIs [4]. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the most common HAIs in these settings [5][6][7][8], often leading to increased morbidity and mortality [9][10][11] as well as long-term consequences [12], and also resulting in pain and suffering of the child and the family. Furthermore, prolonged need of hospitalization due to HAIs may give rise to substantial additional costs [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

314 Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatrics

SpringerReference

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Helsinki 2008 P u b l i c a t i o n s o f t h e N a t i o n a l P u b l i c H e a l t h I n s t i t u t e K T L A 1 1 / 2 0 0 8 Dr. Alexander Langmuir, 1963 Emmi Sarvikivi, Healthcare-associated infections in pediatrics Publications of the National Public Health Institute, A11/2008, 93 Pages ISBN 978-951-740-803-5; 978-951-740-804-2 (pdf-version) ISSN 0359-3584; 1458-6290 (pdf-version) http://www.ktl.fi/portal/4043 ABSTRACT Background and aims. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are known to increase the risk for patient morbidity and mortality in different healthcare settings and thereby to cause additional costs. HAIs typically affect patients with severe underlying conditions, such as patients treated in intensive care units, or patients who have undergone medical procedures, e.g., surgery. HAIs are prevalent also among pediatric patients, but the distribution of the types of infection and the causative agents differ from those detected in adults. The aim of this study was to obtain information on pediatric HAIs in Finland through an assessment of the surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs), through two outbreak investigations in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and through a study of postoperative HAIs after open-heart surgery.Methods. The Hospital for Children and Adolescents of the Helsinki University Central Hospital has participated in the BSI surveillance of the Finnish Hospital Infection Program since 1999. These data were utilized in all studies. The epidemiological features of pediatric BSIs were assessed. For the outbreak investigations, case definitions were set and data collected from microbiological and clinical records. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the Serratia marcescens and the Candida parapsilosis isolates were determined. The S. marcescens isolates were genotyped with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and the C. parapsilosis blood culture isolates (obtained between the years 1990 and 2002) with Southern blot hybridization by use of a DNA fingerprinting probe. Patient charts were reviewed for the case-control and cohort studies during the outbreak investigations, as well as for those patients who acquired surgical site infections (SSIs) after having undergone open-heart surgery. Also a prospective postdischarge study was conducted to detect postoperative HAIs after open-heart surgery.Results. During 1999During -2006, the overall annual BSI rate was 1.6/1,000 patient-days (range by year, 1.2-2.1). High rates (average, 4.9 and 3.2 BSIs/1,000 patient-days) were detected in hematology and neonatology units. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogens both hospital-wide and in each patient group. The overall mortality was 5%. The genotyping of the 15 S. marcescens isolates revealed three independent clusters. All of the 26 C. parapsilosis isolates studied proved to be indistinguishable. No common source was identified for either of the outbreaks, but the NICU was overcrowded during the S. marcescens clusters. In both investigations, low birth we...

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Prevalence of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: Results from the first national point-prevalence survey

Cited by 358 publications

References 24 publications

Reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections through procedures in newborn babies admitted in a university hospital intensive care unit in Brazil

Reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections through procedures in newborn babies admitted in a university hospital intensive care unit in Brazil

Application of Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in Clinical Practice: Current State and Future Perspectives

314 Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatrics

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