Prevalence of nosocomial infections and anti-infective therapy in Benin: results of the first nationwide survey in 2012

Abstract

BackgroundData on nosocomial infections in hospitals in low-income countries are scarce and often inconsistent. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial drug use in Benin hospitals.MethodsAll hospitals were invited to participate in the first national point prevalence study conducted between 10–26 October 2012 using the protocol developed by the “Hospitals in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance” (HELICS) project. Infection prevalence rates and the proportion of infected patients and exposure to antimicrobials were assessed.ResultsOverall, 87% (39/45) of hospitals participated. Of 3130 inpatients surveyed, 972 nosocomial infections were identified among 597 patients, representing an overall prevalence of infected patients of 19.1%. The most frequent infections were related to the urinary tract (48.2%), vascular catheter use (34.7%), and surgical site (24.7%). 64.6% of patients surveyed were treated with antibiotics, including a significant proportion (30%) of non-infected patients and a high proportion of self-medication (40.8%). Resistance of leading nosocomial pathogens to antimicrobials included methicillin-resistance (52.5%) among Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistance among enterococci (67.5%), cefotaxime resistance among Escherichia coli (67.6%), and ceftazidime resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii (100%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (68.2%).ConclusionsBenin has high nosocomial infection rates and calls for the implementation of new national infection control policies. Patient safety education and training of all individuals involved in healthcare delivery will be critical to highlight awareness of the burden of disease. The high use of antimicrobials needs to be addressed, particularly their indiscriminate use in non-infected patients.

Nosocomial infections in intensive care and medical rehabilitation units, and evaluation of antibiotics prescription

“…In contrast to previous findings, Ahoyo et al (2014) showed that 65% of isolated microorganisms from nosocomial infected patients were Gram-negative, while only 30% were Gram-positive (Ahoyo et al, 2014). According to Vincent et al (1995), the infection causing micro-organisms, seen to inhabit ICUs more frequently were Enterobacteriaceae, S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a percentage of about 30 to 35%, while coagulase-negative staphylococci and fungi were reported to be 19 and 17%, respectively (Vincent et Sohn et al (2001).…”

“…Bloodstream infections occur at a frequency of 12% (Vincent et al, 1995). On the other hand, Ahoyo et al (2014) reported that the most recurrent nosocomial infections were UTIs (37.5%) followed by, intravascular catheter-associated (27%) and surgical site infections (19.2%). Lower respiratory tract infections or pneumonia was at 11.7%, while bloodstream infections were at 1.5%, and infections originating otherwise were about 3.1% (Ahoyo et al, 2014).…”

“…On the other hand, Ahoyo et al (2014) reported that the most recurrent nosocomial infections were UTIs (37.5%) followed by, intravascular catheter-associated (27%) and surgical site infections (19.2%). Lower respiratory tract infections or pneumonia was at 11.7%, while bloodstream infections were at 1.5%, and infections originating otherwise were about 3.1% (Ahoyo et al, 2014). Sohn et al (2001) studied 827 neonatal ICU patients in 2001 and reported that 11.4% of these patients had 116 nosocomial ICU-acquired infections of which 53% were bloodstream, 13% were lower respiratory tract and 8.6% were ear-nose-throat or urinary tract infections.…”

Prevalence of Nosocomial Infection in Different Wards of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad

“…In this study the most prevalent organism was A. baumannii with prevalence 37.2%, in accordance with our study Khashibai et al the highest frequent organism with a prevalence of 46.9% in the ICU, also, Neeta P Pradhan and et al reported that the respiratory infections in their study were most repeatedly related with isolates of Acinetobacter which had often multidrug-resistance profile (22). But in a study conducted in Morocco, the most prevalent organism was S. aureus (10). Edrinc and et al reported the most isolated organism was E.coli (3).…”

“…According to the WHO report, the prevalence of the nosocomial infection in developed countries is below 5%, however, in developing countries, this rate is different (6). In this study, the incidence of nosocomial infection is about 1.1%, which is not comparable to the global statistics in developing countries; a study conducted in Benin, in 2012, patients from the same ward were studied in the same day in each hospital for real estimation of nosocomial infection, and data showed that the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 19.1% (10). Other studies, especially from developing countries, reported the prevalence rate of 13.9% -17.9% (11,12).…”