Prevalence of Norovirus Infection in Children and Adults with Acute Gastroenteritis, Tehran, Iran, 2008–2009

Abstract

Noroviruses are one of important agents that cause acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. These viruses are belonging to Caliciviridae family and are genetically diverse. To date, there is no valuable data about prevalence of norovirus infection and the dominant genogroup/genotype among Iranian population. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of norovirus infection in Iranian patients with gastroenteritis referred to three hospitals of Tehran and to specify the dominant genogroup/genotype of this virus among our study population. A total of 293 patients with acute gastroenteritis were included in the study. Detection of norovirus was performed using RT-PCR method and confirmed by direct sequencing with specific designed primers for capsid region of norovirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method. Norovirus strains identified in our study were subsequently categorized according to previously defined genogroup/genotypes. Of these, norovirus GII was dominant genogroup. Sixty-five percent (17 of 26) of positive samples were determined as GII and 35% (9 of 26) were determined as GI, respectively, in 2008-2009. And among 8 sequenced strains of genogroup II the most frequent genotype was GII.3. The results of this study indicated that norovirus must be considered as one of the infectious causes of acute gastroenteritis among Iranian population. We also found that GII.3 is more prevalent in our study population. To the best of our knowledge there is limited data about the role of noroviruses in children and adults' acute gastroenteritis among Iranian patients and this prevalence and genotyping report of norovirus infection could be remarkable for further studies.

Falls and cognitive dysfunction impair health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis

“…Nadji et al in 2010 performed a small scale study on 47 stool samples of patients with gastroenteritis and reported that Norovirus and Sapovirus are found in 21.3% and 2.1% of samples (24). Our previous work has demonstrated that two genotypes (GI and GII) of Norovirus are involved in 9.8% of acute gastroenteritis cases (4). In other study among Iranian patients with acute gastroenteritis, we demonstrated that Sapoviruses could be responsible for 11.9% of acute gastroenteritis cases (2).…”

“…HBoV DNA was detected in extracted samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 354 bp of noncapsid protein 1 (NP1) gene using primers 188F and 542R as reported previously (5). In addition, all samples were also subjected to a nested PCR as described by Kapoor et al, to amplify a 455 bp of nonstructural 1 (NS1) gene (3). The BigDye Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was employed for sequencing.…”

“…Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses in patients with acute gastroenteritis was previously investigated in Iran. The results showed that Norovirus, Adenovirus and Sapovirus are responsible for 4 to 9 percent of sporadic gastroenteritis cases (1–4). …”

Norovirus y coinfección con parásitos intestinales en pacientes con diarrea en el Hospital San Rafael de Tunja, Colombia

“…La mayoría de las publicaciones se refieren a niños menores de cinco años y solo unas pocas proponen evaluar la presencia de norovirus en personas de diferentes edades, lo que indica que la inmunidad a largo plazo está ausente (6,13,30,31 Los resultados del presente estudio son similares a los de Romani, et al, quienes analizaron 293 pacientes provenientes de Teherán (Irán), con un promedio de edad de 11,72 años (rango: 1 mes a 85 años) y una prevalencia de norovirus de 9,8 % (31). Se encontró que existía una relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) para la edad, dado que el virus se detectó con mayor frecuencia en niños entre uno y cuatro años de edad (11 de 16 muestras positivas).…”

Detection of Noroviruses Isolated From Children With Acute Gastroenteritis by Rt-PCR in Iran

“…The high prevalence of gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus in these countries can be due to various factors different from the middle east. For example, the consumption of raw marine products such as oysters is one of the main causes of Norovirus spread in developed countries (22); however, this dietary pattern is rare in middle eastern countries (including Iran) (13). Therefore, the prevalence of Norovirus in these countries is less.…”