Prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India

Abstract

Background: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as a major concern for nosocomial infections. They exhibit resistance not only to the beta-lactam and other group of antibiotics but also to carbapenems. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of nonfermenters from clinical samples along with their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of 21 months in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital was done. Clinical samples were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification. Susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.Results: 411 nonfermenters (13.18%) were isolated from 3116 culture positive clinical samples. Out of these nonfermenters, most were Acinetobacter baumannii (51.34%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.09%), Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.38%) and others (2.19%). Others included Burkholderia pseudomellei, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Highest sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin were shown by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa respectively while both were mostly resistant to ceftriaxone. Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species showed 100% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. A. baumannii was the most prevalent nonfermenter in intensive care units.Conclusions: Timely identification of nonfermenters and monitoring their susceptibility patterns will help in proper management of infections caused by them. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures should be implemented to prevent nosocomial infections and spread of drug resistant nonfermenters.

Use of 16s rRNA to identify non-lactose-fermenting bacilli and molecular detection of ESBL resistance genes associated with hospital-acquired infection in Soba University Hospital, Sudan

“…Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species are known to be the regular nosocomial pathogens (Gales et al, 2001;Tortoli et al, 2001). In this study, the most common NLFGNB isolated was P. aeruginosa, followed by A. baumannii, which is similar to the results obtained by Sarkar et al (2018) and Malini et al (2009), who reported P. aeruginosa as the most common isolate, followed by A. baumannii (Malini et al, 2009;Wauters & Vaneechoutte, 2015). Other NLFGNB, such as B. cepacian, S. maltophilia, and Stenotrophomonas pavanii vary from study to study, both in terms of their genera and prevalence.…”

A Study on Burden of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India

“…In our study, A. baumannii (25.25%) were more common than P. aeruginosa (10.95%) similar to studies by Sarkar M et al, 17 whereas previous studies by Grewal, et al, 18 Benachinmardi, et al, 19 showed P. aeruginosa infection more prevalent indicating a shifting trend towards more infections by A. baumannii in recent time.…”

Antibiogram, Prevalence of OXA Carbapenemase Encoding Genes, and RAPD-Genotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Incriminated in Hidden Community-Acquired Infections

“…During the present work, the most prevalent Gram-negative, non-fermentative isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 156 (78%) followed by A. baumannii 23 (11.5%), A. lwoffii 7 (3.5%), A. calcoaceticus 6 (3%), Burkholderia cepacia 3 (1.5%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 3 (1.5%), and A. nosocomialis 2 (1%). Several studies showed that the highest prevalent Gram-negative non-fermentative pathogen in hospital-acquired infections is P. aeruginosa (50–88%) followed by A. baumannii (5–35%) [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”