Prevalence of Nickel Allergy and Longitudinal Evaluation of Periodontal Abnormalities in Orthodontic Allergic Patients

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of nickel allergy in a sample of orthodontic patients and longitudinally compare the clinical periodontal status of these individuals with that of a group of nonallergic patients. Materials and Methods:The initial sample consisted of 96 patients selected randomly from a databank of patients who sought orthodontic care at a teaching institution. Following the selection and beginning of treatment, periodontal status was assessed over a 12-month period (one evaluation every 3 months-T 1 , T 2, T 3, T 4 ) using the Loe index. The evaluations were performed blindly by a single, calibrated examiner and were followed by prophylaxis and orientation regarding oral hygiene. The prevalence of nickel allergy was determined by the patch test 9 months after the beginning of treatment and occurred in 16 individuals (17.2%). Two groups were then established: the allergic group (AG, n ϭ 16) and the age-paired nonallergic control group (NAG, n ϭ 16). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (P Յ .05). Results: Significant differences were present between groups at the T 3 and T 4 evaluations for the LOE index (P ϭ .045 and .009), with allergic individuals showing higher mean values than nonallergic individuals (hyperplasia, change in color, and bleeding). No significant differences were found in the intragroup evaluations between the four evaluations (P Ͼ .05). Conclusions:The results suggest a cumulative effect from nickel throughout orthodontic treatment associated with clinically significant periodontal abnormalities in allergic individuals over time. (Angle Orthod. 2009;79:922-927.)

Stainless Steel: Material Facts for the Orthodontic Practitioner

“…This metal increases the strength, ductility and resistance to general corrosion, as well as to crevice corrosion and erosion [17]. Many researches have been carrying out to assess the possible negative side effects that this metal could bring about to oral tissues in orthodontics [47][48][49][50][51][52]. Nickel hypersensitivity has been associated with the use of dental devices, such as orthodontic appliances.…”

Longitudinal assessment of periodontal status in patients with nickel allergy treated with conventional and nickel-free braces

“…This finding is in agreement with previous studies. 2,3,14,15 However, other authors 16,17 have reported different results, which may be explained by the limited follow-up period (1 to 5 months), as well as the considerable variety in diagnostic method, study design, sample size, and research approach.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] At the same time, there has been a tendency on the part of the industry to produce orthodontic materials with low concentrations of nickel (0.2% to 4%). Such appliances are denominated nickel-free and are advertised as releasing low quantities of nickel ions, which may diminish the allergic response in sensitive patients.…”

Ortodontik tedavide karşılaşılan allerjik reaksiyonlar

“…Ortodontik hastalarda gingival hiperplazi, labial deskuamasyon, periodontitis gibi bazı oral klinik bulgular ortodontik apareylerin korozyonu ve nikel salınımı nedeniyle oluşan inflamatuar cevap nedeniyle olabilmektedir. [25][26][27] İmmünolojik bakış açısından bu inflamatuar cevap tip 4 hipersensitivite olarak düşü-nülmektedir. Nikel allerjik kontakt stomatit olarak izlenir ve etyolojisinin belirlenmesi ve teşhisi zordur.…”