Prevalence of Nasal Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Syrian Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

Rasheed, Narin A.; Hussein, Nawfal R.

doi:10.5812/mejrh.103394

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies in our area have found high rates of S. aureus among general population (Rasheed and Hussein, 2020e), healthcare worker (Hussein et al, 2019) and students (Rasheed and Hussein, 2020c). In the present study, however, we assessed the prevalence rate of S. aureus and risk factors among athletes in Zakho city, Iraq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Staphylococcus aureus Among Athletes In Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Nasal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile

Abduljabar¹,

Naqid²

2022

SJUOZ

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Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of infectious diseases and responsible for outbreaks among athletes’ team. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence rate of S. aureus among athletes, and evaluate the antibiotic resistance and risk factors associated with S. aureus isolates. Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the S. aureus nasal carriage rate among athletes practicing different sports. Swabs were collected from the anterior nares of 510 athletes aged between 14-55 years. Conventional bacteriological tests were used for the identification of the S. aureus isolates. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results:Out of recruited samples, S. aureus carriage rate among athletes was 156 (30.2%). The highest infection rate was reported among boxing athletes 8/24(33.33%) and gym 80/245 (32.65%). S. aureus colonization was significantly higher among the athletes who had low body mass index (p=0.001), longer duration of training/day (p=0.001) and higher number of training session /week (p=0.012). S. aureus carriage was significantly higher among male athletes 119 (77.27%) than female athletes 35 (22.73%) (p=0.002). The oxacillin resistance rate was estimated at 26.61%. S. aureus isolates were highly susceptible to rifampicin, gentamycin and fusidic acid. Conclusion: Nasal carriage of S. aureus is relatively high and this bacterial was predominant among male athletes and a relevant resistance to antibiotics used for treatment of S. aureus infection. It is recommended that the prevention control practices be implemented to reduce nasal colonization, and risk factors associated with S. aureus among athletes. Further studies on S. aureus carriage should include throat sampling among athletes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Staphylococcus aureus Among Athletes In Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Nasal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile

Abduljabar¹,

Naqid²

2022

SJUOZ

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“…Limited data are available regarding the prevalence of MRSA among Syrian refugees in Iraq. Consequently, for the first time in Iraq, MRSA isolates from Syrian refugees were characterized in detail by Rasheed and Hussein ( Rasheed and Hussein, 2020a ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020b ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020c ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020d ). However, until now, no study has been conducted to investigate the phylogenetic relatedness of MRSA strains isolated from both the host community and Syrian refugees in Iraq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolates were recovered from the nostrils of healthy participants in three different groups: the host community of Duhok City, Iraq ( n = 10), Syrian refugee residents in camps ( n = 10), and Syrian refugees upon their arrival at the border (new arrivals) ( n = 10) ( Table 1 ). The MRSA strains selected for this study were characterized based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in previous studies ( Rasheed and Hussein, 2020a ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020b ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020c ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020d ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, nasal carriage of MRSA isolates was investigated among the host community of Duhok City and Syrian refugees, including both residents in camps and new arrivals at the border ( Rasheed and Hussein, 2020a ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020b ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020c ; Rasheed and Hussein, 2020d ). However, it appears that no study has yet been conducted to examine the phylogenetic analysis of MRSA isolates in Iraq or their phylogenetic relatedness to MRSA from Syrian refugees (refugee residents in camps and new arrivals at the border) based on the 16S rRNA gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the host community and Syrian refugees in Duhok Governorate based on 16S rRNA

Rasheed

Abdulrahman²,

Hussein³

2022

IJID Regions

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“…9 A research in Kirkuk, Iraq, found that 16% of 100 restaurant employees had MRSA nasal carriage. 10 Additional research on CA-MRSA nasal carriage has been conducted in other regions of Iraq among a variety of populations, including healthy individuals in Diyala City, 11 intermediate students in Muthanna Province, 12 healthy children in Basrah City, 13 Syrian refugees in Duhok City, 14 and secondary school students at Duhok City. 15 They demonstrated relative prevalence rates of 21.5, 24, 41.2, 35, and 2.04%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and their Antibiotic Resistant Patterns in Kirkuk City, Iraq

AL-Salihi¹,

Karim²,

Al-Bayati³

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The carriage of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a source of community-associated infections, particularly in the anterior nares of people worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of community-acquired S. aureus (CA-SA) and CA-MRSA nasal carriage among healthy individuals of various ages in Kirkuk City and evaluating the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics. A total of 597 healthy individuals were recruited in the community between December 1, 2021, and December 30, 2022. Nasal swabs obtained from participants were taken to the laboratory, where bacteria were isolated and identified using phenotypic characteristics. The MRSA isolates were identified by applying the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The results showed that the prevalence of CA-SA and CA-MRSA nasal carriers was 16.6 and 4.5%, respectively. The average age of the participants was 33.2 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1: 1. The highest resistance of the isolates was observed against oxacillin (27.3%), followed by penicillin G (24.3%), amoxicillin (15.2%), erythromycin (12.1%), and tetracycline (6.1%). There was a 9.1% resistance rate to clindamycin, rifampin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin. However, all CA-MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant. However, all the isolates were sensitive (100 %) to vancomycin, linezolid, and mupirocin. The findings of the present study highlight the potential for CA-SA and CA-MRSA acquisition in this population, which may be related to antibiotic abuse or overuse as well as poor hygiene. To lessen the impact of community-associated strains of MRSA nasal carriage, this necessitates the probable need for infection prevention measures and adequate antibiotic therapy.

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Prevalence of Nasal Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Syrian Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Among Athletes In Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Nasal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile

Staphylococcus aureus Among Athletes In Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Nasal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile

Phylogenetic relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the host community and Syrian refugees in Duhok Governorate based on 16S rRNA

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and their Antibiotic Resistant Patterns in Kirkuk City, Iraq

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