Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children

Matsumura, Saiko; Dannoue, Kazuhiko; Kawakami, Momoko; Uemura, Keiko; Kameyama, Asuka; Takei, Anna; Hori, Yoshiaki

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.901480

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…They demonstrated that the AL/CRC ratio was the most important biometric factor in myopia. Some researchers further confirmed Grosvenor’s findings 29 43 44. The distribution of AL/CRC ratio has been reported in different countries and age populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio and refractive error in Chinese preschoolers aged 4–6 years: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Tang,

Zhao,

Liu

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the associations of axial length to corneal radius of curvature (AL/CRC) ratio with refractive error and to determine the effect of AL/CRC ratio on hyperopia reserve and myopia assessment among Chinese preschoolers.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study that evaluated subjects aged 4–6 years. AL and CRC were obtained using a non-contact ocular biometer. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the associations of AL/CRC ratio with spherical equivalent refractive error (SER). The accuracy of AL/CRC ratio for hyperopia reserve and myopia assessment was analysed using cycloplegic refraction by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe analysis included 1024 participants (537 boys, 52.4%). The mean AL/CRC ratios in hyperopes, emmetropes and myopes were 2.90±0.06, 2.95±0.05 and 3.08±0.07, respectively. The SER was found to be more strongly correlated with AL/CRC ratio (ρ=−0.66, p<0.001) than either AL or CRC alone (ρ=−0.52, p<0.001; ρ=−0.03, p=0.33, respectively). AL/CRC was correlated with SER in hyperopes (ρ=−0.54, p<0.001), emmetropes (ρ=−0.33, p<0.001) and myopes (r=−0.67, p<0.001). For low hyperopia reserve assessment, the area under the ROC curves of AL/CRC ratio was 0.861 (95% CI 0.829 to 0.892), the optimal cut-off value of the AL/CRC ratio was ≥2.955. For myopia assessment, the area under the ROC curves of AL/CRC ratio was 0.954 (95% CI 0.925 to 0.982), the optimal cut-off value of the AL/CRC ratio was ≥2.975.ConclusionsThe SER showed a better correlation with AL/CRC ratio than either AL or CRC alone, especially in myopes, among children aged 4–6 years. These findings indicate that when cycloplegic refraction is unavailable, AL/CRC ratio could be used as an alternative indicator for identifying low hyperopia reserve and myopia among preschoolers, helping clinicians and parents screen children with low hyperopia reserve before primary school in a timely manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio and refractive error in Chinese preschoolers aged 4–6 years: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Tang,

Zhao,

Liu

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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“…The results show that participants that were diagnosed before the age of 10 had higher myopia during the period of studies, reinforcing the statement about the necessity of early diagnosis. Many authors agree that the identification of early myopia cases is a matter of great importance, as it helps with the early application of the countermeasures, including the correction of vision defects [ 18 , 47 , 48 ]. Screening of myopia in children, reinforced with analysis of the family history of myopia in cases at risk of developing high myopia, is proposed as one of the solutions [ 18 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have found that place of residence in early childhood has no impact on the frequency and magnitude of myopia in this population. Results of different studies show conflicting results regarding the association between myopia and place of residence in childhood [ 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In a study conducted on 338 freshman students in Saudi Arabia (162 males, 176 females), place of residence had no effect on myopia progress [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted on 338 freshman students in Saudi Arabia (162 males, 176 females), place of residence had no effect on myopia progress [ 49 ]. In the Chinese study on 2454 children, myopia was associated with spending early school years in urban environments (50%) more than with rural ones (33%) [ 47 ]. In the Malaysian study, 4634 children were assessed for the presence of refractive error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Incidence and Severity of Myopia in the Population of Medical Students and Its Dependence on Various Demographic Factors and Vision Hygiene Habits

Oszczędłowski

Raczkiewicz

Więsyk

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment. Visual work and usage of electronic devices are known risk factors of myopia. Many education systems were forced to apply online and hybrid teaching methods, to reduce the number of new cases of COVID-19. Medical students are a population well-known for intense visual work in the form of learning; (2) Methods: Visual acuity and refractive error were measured in the population of medical students. Participants also filled out the survey that included their population characteristic and their habits related to the hygiene of vision; (3) Results: We found a correlation between the age of the first diagnosis of myopia and current values of refractive error. The majority of participants believe that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the health of their vision. Among methods of studying, usage of the computer screen was less preferred by myopic students; (4) Conclusions: In the population of medical school students in Eastern Poland, visual acuity was lower than 1.0 in 232 (52.97%) in the right eye and 234 (53.42%) in the left eye. Early recognition of refractive error has influenced its current values. Among methods of studying, usage of the computer screen was less preferred by myopic students. More population-based studies should focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of vision.

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“…[13] The following de nitions and classi cations were employed: (1) Myopia was de ned as non-cycloplegic SE ≤ -0.50 D + UCVA > 0.3 log MAR (age 3), > 0.2 log MAR (ages 4-5), > 0 log MAR (age ≥ 6). [14,15] (2) Myopia was categorized into low myopia (-3.00 D < SE ≤ -0.50 D), moderate myopia (-6.00 D < SE ≤ -3.00 D), and high myopia (SE ≤ -6.00 D).…”

Section: Assessment Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the correlation between ocular biometric parameters and myopia in children and adolescents: a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China

Duan,

Li,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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PURPOSE:To investigate the characteristics and correlation of myopia and ocular biometric parameters among students in Chengdu. DESIGN:This cross-sectional analysis of the Chengdu included students between the ages of 3 and 18 years (n = 509 530). METHODS:Myopia, defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.50 D and UCVA > 0.3 logMAR for participants aged 3 years, SE ≤ -0.50 D and UCVA > 0.2 logMAR for those aged 4-5 years, SE ≤ -0.50 D and UCVA > 0 logMAR for those aged ≥6 years. All participants received non-cycloplegic autorefraction,uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and ocular biometric parameters. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and myopia. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of myopia was 40.9% (95% CI: 40.77- 41.04% ). SE had strong correlations with axial length(AL), AL/CR ratio, and vitreous chamber depth, moderate correlations with lens thickness(LT) and anterior chamber depth, and weak correlations with keratometry and central corneal thicknesss ( P< 0.001). The slopes of changes in AL and LT were highly consistent between myopic and non-myopic children aged 3-6 years. However, between 6-9 years of age, myopic children exhibited faster AL increase and greater LT thinning than non-myopic children (P < 0.001) with age. After 9 years of age, changes in both AL and LT gradually stabilized. CONCLUSIONS:In children aged 6-9 years, a rapid increase of AL has occurred and accompanied by compensation from LT to maintain emmetropization, which gradually diminishes after age 9, suggesting that AL and LT are essential indicators for myopia control in children.

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Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio and refractive error in Chinese preschoolers aged 4–6 years: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio and refractive error in Chinese preschoolers aged 4–6 years: a retrospective cross-sectional study

The Incidence and Severity of Myopia in the Population of Medical Students and Its Dependence on Various Demographic Factors and Vision Hygiene Habits

A study on the correlation between ocular biometric parameters and myopia in children and adolescents: a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China

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