Prevalence of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Diabetes

Katzberg, Hans D.; Kokokyi, Seint; Halpern, Elise M.; Lovblom, Leif E.; Barnett, Carolina; Hume, Drew; Bril, Vera; Perkins, Bruce A.

doi:10.2337/dc13-1163

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Poorly controlled diabetes may be responsible for the association with NLC due to microvascular or neuropathic changes[14]. The absence of information on peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy in these NHANES cohorts makes interpretation of this association more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal leg cramps: Prevalence and associations with demographics, sleep disturbance symptoms, medical conditions, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Grandner

Winkelman

2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundNocturnal leg cramps (NLC) are common and poorly understood.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of NLC and associations with cardiometabolic, sleep, and behavioral risk factors in the US population.DesignCross-sectional epidemiology.ParticipantsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2006 and 2007–2008 waves.Main outcome(s) and measure(s)NLC were assessed with, “In the past month, how often did you have leg cramps while trying to sleep?” Responses were categorized as None, Mild, or Moderate-Severe. Demographics, medical history, sleep disturbances, and cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated using the 2005–2006 dataset. Variables that demonstrated significant relationships to NLC after adjusting for age, sex, education, and BMI were assessed in the 2007–2008 dataset. Variables that were still significant were entered into a forward stepwise regression model combining both waves, to determine which variables best explained the variance in NLC.ResultsPrevalence was 24–25% reporting mild and 6% reporting moderate-severe NLC. NLC increased with age, lower education, unemployment, shorter sleep duration, all assessed sleep symptoms (nocturnal "leg jerks", snoring, snorting/gasping, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, sleepiness, use of sleep medications), higher BMI, smoking, medical history (hypertension, heart failure, angina, stroke, arthritis, respiratory disease, and cancer), depression symptoms, and biomarkers (CRP, HbA1c, calcium, cadmium, red blood cells). Stepwise analysis showed that moderate-severe nocturnal leg cramps were associated with (in decreasing order of partial R2): leg jerks, poor overall health, arthritis, difficulty falling asleep, age, nonrestorative sleep, red blood cell count, lower education, angina, and difficulty maintaining sleep.Conclusions and relevanceBased on this first large, representative study, NLC occurring >5x per month are reported by 6% of the adult US population. Sleep disturbance symptoms and health conditions are associated with higher frequency of NLC, suggesting that NLC is a marker, and possibly contributor, to poor sleep and general health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal leg cramps: Prevalence and associations with demographics, sleep disturbance symptoms, medical conditions, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Grandner

Winkelman

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…However, a very limited epidemiological data is available on the prevalence of muscle cramps in patients with diabetes and in general population [5]. A demographic study conducted on diabetic patient in Toronto revealed, a 75.5% of type 2 diabetic and 57.5% of type 1 diabetic patients encountered muscle cramps [6]. In the above study, diabetic neuropathy was found to be the most important independent risk factor for muscle cramps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Table 1 is a crisp presentation of etiology of muscle cramps. Table 1 summarises few of the huge number of etiologies of muscle cramps in a diabetic population and it has been found that most of them are either due to idiopathic reason or due to underlying peripheral neuropathy [6,31]. A study of outpatient veterans reported leg cramps in 75% of those with peripheral vascular disease, 63% of those with hypokalemia, and 62% of those with coronary artery disease [5].…”

Section: Site Of Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle cramps — a mini review of possible causes and treatment options available with a special emphasis on diabetics — a narrative review

Roy

2020

Clinical Diabetology

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Muscle cramps are characterized by sudden, painful involuntary contraction of the muscles. The cramps sometimes become disabling and the prevalence is more in the elderly. The etiology of the cramps are diverse and some time the cramps are idiopathic. There are many underlying pathophysiological disorders like hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypothyroidism, and hepatorenal dysfunction which causes muscle cramps. Similarly, diabetes mellitus results in muscle cramps due to electrolytic imbalance, hypoglycemia, periphe ral arterial insufficiency, and neuropathies. Persistent muscle pain in diabetic patients degrades the quality of life of those patients. Although the pathophysiology and etiology of the muscle cramps are understood to some extent, the same is less explored from diabetes mellitus perspective. Hence the objective of this review is to explore the underlying factors responsible for muscle cramps in diabetes so that proper strategy for pharmacotherapy can be made to manage this condi tion. (Clin Diabetol 2019; 8, 6: 310-317)

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“…Prevalence ranges from 45 to 78% in patients with type 2 diabetes and 24 to 57% in patients with type 1 diabetes, with rates primarily coming from large observational or diabetes treatment trials [80]. Although a number of factors such as co-existing nephropathy and neuropathy have been associated with muscle cramps in patients with diabetes, only the latter has been found to be an independent risk factor [81]. As in other conditions associated with polyneuropathy, cramps in patients with diabetes are more frequent, severe, prolonged and more frequently associated with functional disability compared with those with idiopathic muscle cramps [82].…”

Section: Treatment Of Cramps In Diabetic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 98%

Choosing drugs for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy

Alabdali

Qrimli

Barnett

et al. 2015

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Disease modification in DSP remains an unmet need in clinical medicine affecting a large percentage of the population with concomitant healthcare costs. Strict glycemic control and attention to potential risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity may minimize DSP. Many patients benefit from treatment of their painful symptoms with anticonvulsants or antidepressants, but all are associated with significant side effects that limit their usefulness. There is a need for treatments of PDN with fewer side effects and more effective pain relief.

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Prevalence of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Diabetes

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Nocturnal leg cramps: Prevalence and associations with demographics, sleep disturbance symptoms, medical conditions, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Nocturnal leg cramps: Prevalence and associations with demographics, sleep disturbance symptoms, medical conditions, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Muscle cramps — a mini review of possible causes and treatment options available with a special emphasis on diabetics — a narrative review

Choosing drugs for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy

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