Prevalence of multiple drug resistance and screening of enterotoxin (stn) gene in Salmonella enterica serovars from water sources in Lagos, Nigeria

Akinyemi, Kabiru Olusegun; Iwalokun, BA; Foli, F.; Oshodi, K.; Coker, A. O.

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.11.010

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…high incidence of SADs in areas most exposed to environmental contaminations, especially Ikeja, Ikorodu, Surulere, Ebute-Metta and Yaba. Contaminated drinking water has been documented to be one of the main sources of the disease transmission in Lagos [20]. This study was consistent with the separate findings of Khanum et al [21] and Rustam et al, [22] which reported high incidence of SADs among patients residing in rural and more congested areas with poor sanitation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

Akinyemi

Oshundare

Oyeyinka

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: A retrospective cohort study on Salmonella-associated diseases (SADs) was conducted in 14 public hospitals across Lagos State, Nigeria, between 1999 and 2008. Methodology: Medical records of clinically diagnosed patients with confirmed Salmonella infections were reviewed for the 10-year period. Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever cases in all the hospitals were first based on Widal agglutination tests then followed by culture, while non-typhoidal Salmonella infections were based on culture technique. Results: A total of 85,187 confirmed cases of SADs were found, of which 880 deaths were recorded (case-fatality rate = 1.03% / 10 years). The mean incidence of SADs in Lagos State for the 10-year period was estimated at 45 cases per 100,000 persons/year, while that of typhoid fever alone was 16 cases per 100,000 persons/year. During the studied period, the number of deaths due to typhoid fever was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than deaths due to gastroenteritis except in 2003 and 2004. Risk associated with typhoidal deaths was 4 to 11 times greater when compared to gastroenteritis deaths between 2000 and 2002. Salmonella-associated diseases were most prevalent in adults 21 -to30 years of age (49.49%). Cases of patients with invasive Salmonella-associated gastroenteritis were observed mainly in children under five years of age. Conclusion: The current surveillance data indicated high incidence of SADs in areas exposed to environmental contaminations. This study revealed that infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovars are endemic in our environment thus poses a serious threat to public health. Constant public health education is essential to avert undue epidemics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

Akinyemi

Oshundare

Oyeyinka

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No reports of resistance to gentamycin or ciprofloxacin have been made in sheep and goats isolates in central Ethiopia [59], dairy farm isolates in Addis Ababa [60] or human isolates in Nigeria [61]. Gentamycin is still effective against Salmonella irrespective of the time or location of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the sources and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from the poultry industry in Southern Ethiopia

Abdi

Mengstie²,

Beyi

et al. 2017

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundEthiopia set an ambitious masterplan to increase chicken meat and egg production from 2015 to 2020. Poultry breeding, multiplication and distribution centers in the country have received executive order to import, amplify and distribute commercial chickens to end users. The biosecurity and the pathogen fauna of the centers have not been evaluated as to whether the centers could implement the mission effectively without any risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biosecurity practices and the pathogen prevalence, risk factors and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using Salmonella as case study.MethodsRoutine farm workers of the centers were interviewed about the different management (biosecurity) practices using a checklist. Samples (n = 270) from different sources consisting of chicken’s cloacal swab (n = 244), personnel hand swab (n = 9) and bedding (n = 17) were collected from three chicken multiplication centers. Standard bacteriological methods were used for the isolation of Salmonella. Disk diffusion method was used for drug sensitivity testing.ResultsAntimicrobials were often over prescribed without confirming the cause of ill health and without susceptibility testing. The general biosecurity and flock management practices were substandard. Salmonella was isolated from 45 (16.7%) of the 270 samples. Its prevalence was significantly (p<0.05) associated with location of the multiplication center, 27% at Bonga and 10.6% at Hawassa. Sample type was also significantly (p<0.05) affected in that it was higher in the bedding (35.3%) and personnel hand swabs (33.3%) than in the chicken cloaca (14.8%), which demonstrates the poor biosecurity and personnel hygienic practices in the centers. All of the 45 isolates (100%) exhibited resistance to kanamycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid (97.8%), ampicillin (97.8%), cefoxitin (97.8%), streptomycin (97.8%) tetracycline (97.8%), chloramphenicol (91.3%), ciprofloxacin (31.1%), and gentamicin (0%). Alarmingly, 42 isolates (93.4%) exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to ≥ 8 drugs and all 45 isolates had resistance to ≥ 3 drugs. The high rate of Salmonella isolation from (i) bedding, (ii) personnel hand swabs (iii) chickens, (iv) presence of more MDR isolates, (v) coupled with poor biosecurity practices in the centers could pose a risk for spreading of pathogens and drug resistant genes to the smallholder chicken producers and the public.ConclusionsWe conclude that the poultry breeding, multiplication and distribution centers in Ethiopia, as they stand currently, seem to be a source of pathogens and AMR isolates at least for Salmonella. Therefore, strict biosecurity, personnel safety, prudent drug use, regular monitoring and traceability of Salmonella serotypes or genotypes and AMR are recommended.

show abstract

“…Every episode of diarrhoea in children could cause malnutrition, reduced resistance to infections with potential consequences of impaired physical and cognitive growth/ development [7]. The high prevalence of diarrheal infections in lowincome countries is due to lack of portable drinking water, poor food hygiene standards and inadequate sanitation [7][8][9]. Diarrhoea causing-microbes are transmitted through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with the improperly sanitized hands of people carrying the pathogens [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Causing Childhood Diarrhoea in Awka Municipality, South-eastern Nigeria

Mc¹,

Gi²,

Cp³

et al. 2017

Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Prevalence of multiple drug resistance and screening of enterotoxin (stn) gene in Salmonella enterica serovars from water sources in Lagos, Nigeria

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

Determination of the sources and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from the poultry industry in Southern Ethiopia

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Causing Childhood Diarrhoea in Awka Municipality, South-eastern Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About