Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi among Clinically Diagnosed Typhoid Fever Patients in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

A total of 635 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever patients were bled from three different health institutions in the metropolis of Lagos, Nigeria over a period of 15 months, May 1997 to July 1998. Out of the total blood cultured, 101 (15.9% ) isolates of Salmonella species were isolated of which 68 (67.3% ) were S. typhi, 17 (16.8% ) and 16 (15.8% ) were S. paratyphi A and S. arizonae respectively. The overall isolation rate of S. typhi among patients is 10.7% , with most isolates 45.9% found among the severely-ill young adults, age group 1 6 -30 years. All isolates were subjected to anti-microbial susceptibility testing using 12 different antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, colistin sulfate, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, streptomycin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the S. typhi and S. paratyphi A isolates showed resistance to two or more of the 10 of 12 antibiotics tested particularly the 3-first-line antibiotics commonly used (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrim oxazole) in the treatment of typhoid fever in Nigeria. No isolate showed resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, however, nalidixic acid and gentamicin showed a moderate and appreciable inhibition to most of our isolates.

Prevalence of enteric pathogens among patients with gastrointestinal presentations in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba Lagos Nigeria

“…Ciprofloxacin showed a good antimicrobial activity against Salmonella and Shigella isolates. Results from this study also agree with those of [33] in Lagos and [34] from central part of Ethiopia which showed a cpomparable sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. The effectiveness of this drug may be because it is not widely used in countries like Nigeria, Ethiopia and other African countries [35].…”

Prevalence of Salmonellosis among Food Handlers and the Health Implications on the Food Consumers in Lagos State, Nigeria

“…This report corroborated with the report of Akinyemi et al, [29] who carried out such study on 235 patient's blood samples with symptoms of typhoid in different hospitals in Lagos, he isolated Salmonella spp from 42 samples. In this study, most of the food handlers were not aware that they had typhoid till there were screened since they was no clinical signs and symptoms which further support claims by [5,[30][31][32] that food handlers harbour S. typhi asymptomatically.…”

Salmonellosis and Shigellosis Associated with Cattle Dung Contaminant from Indigenous Abattoirs, Osun State, Nigeria

“…In Nigeria, morbidity associated with illnesses due to Salmonella continues to be on the increase and in some cases resulting in deaths [7]. It is common in developing countries where affected populations are immunologically compromised due to poor nutrition and background infections leading to high morbidity attributed to shigellosis [8][9][10].…”