Prevalence of Mobiluncus spp Among Women With and Without Bacterial Vaginosis as Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Schwebke, Jane R.; Lawing, Lisa F.

doi:10.1097/00007435-200104000-00002

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In particular, the ability to detect G. vaginalis in 50 to 60% of women without BV (7) violates Koch's second postulate regarding specificity for disease (4). Many additional cultivated bacteria have been isolated from women with BV, including Mobiluncus species, Mycoplasma hominis, and a variety of anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas species (16,21). The recent identification of several fastidious vaginal bacteria using sequence-based detection methods adds to the list of potential bacterial pathogens in BV (5,6,13,26), but uncertainty regarding their contribution to pathogenesis persists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have used taxon-directed conventional PCR assays to describe the prevalences of various bacterial species in vaginal samples, and while this method is much more sensitive at detecting minority bacterial species than broad-range PCR, it is also not reliably quantitative (7,21). There are few published studies that have used targeted qPCR methods to describe levels of vaginal bacteria, but most such studies were cross-sectional (22,23,27,28); even fewer studies have examined how vaginal bacterial concentrations change with antibiotic therapy (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Vaginal Bacterial Concentrations with Intravaginal Metronidazole Therapy for Bacterial Vaginosis as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

et al. 2009

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Several fastidious bacteria have been associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) using broad-range bacterial PCR methods such as consensus sequence 16S rRNA gene PCR, but their role in BV remains poorly defined. We describe changes in vaginal bacterial concentrations following metronidazole therapy for BV. Vaginal swabs were collected from women with BV diagnosed using Amsel clinical criteria, and vaginal fluid was assessed by Gram stain to generate Nugent scores. Follow-up swabs were collected 1 month after a 5-day course of vaginal 0.75% metronidazole gel and analyzed for 24 subjects with cured BV and 24 subjects with persistent BV. Changes in bacterial concentrations were measured using eight bacterium-specific 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR assays. DNA from several fastidious BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) were present at high concentrations in the vagina prior to treatment. Successful antibiotic therapy resulted in 3-to 4-log reductions in median bacterial loads of BVAB1 (P ‫؍‬ 0.02), BVAB2 (P ‫؍‬ 0.0004), BVAB3 (P ‫؍‬ 0.03), a Megasphaera-like bacterium (P < 0.0001), Atopobium species (P < 0.0001), Leptotrichia/Sneathia species (P ‫؍‬ 0.0002), and Gardnerella vaginalis (P < 0.0001). Median posttreatment bacterial levels did not change significantly in subjects with persistent BV except for a decline in levels of BVAB3. The presence or absence of BV is reflected by vaginal concentrations of BV-associated bacteria such as BVAB1, BVAB2, Leptotrichia/Sneathia species, Atopobium species, Gardnerella vaginalis, and a Megasphaera-like bacterium, suggesting that these bacteria play an important role in BV pathogenesis and may be suitable markers of disease and treatment response.Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a very common condition, affecting 10 to 37% of women (24), with particularly high prevalences reported in areas of sub-Saharan Africa (3, 25) and among African-American women (51%) (15). BV is the most common cause of vaginitis and vaginal discharge and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes including preterm labor, pelvic inflammatory disease, and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition (12,18,19).Women with BV experience a loss of vaginal Lactobacillus species that produce hydrogen peroxide (primarily Lactobacillus crispatus) and the acquisition of several facultative or anaerobic bacteria, but no single cultivated bacterium has been conclusively demonstrated to cause BV. The profound shifts in vaginal microbiota that characterize BV and the clinical response to antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin suggest that anaerobic bacteria play a key role. The recent use of cultivation-independent methods (e.g., broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR) to characterize the vaginal microbiota (5, 26) has identified novel fastidious bacteria that appear to be highly associated with BV, including three bacteria of the order Clostridiales that are not closely related to any previously identified bacteria and that we have designated BV-associated bacterium 1 (BVAB1), BVAB2, and BVAB3 (6). Other fastidious bacteri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vaginal Bacterial Concentrations with Intravaginal Metronidazole Therapy for Bacterial Vaginosis as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

et al. 2009

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“…Only one species of anaerobe (Mobiluncus curtisii) has been reported to resist destruction by free-living amoebae (241). This obligate nonsporeforming anaerobic bacterium, causing vaginosis (218) and, more rarely, abcesseses (69) and bacteremia (91,109), persisted for up to 4 to 6 weeks under aerobic conditions as a result of its internalization in Acanthamoeaba (241). Like H. pylori, M. curtisii may multiply aerobically when cocultured with free-living amoebae, while it requires otherwise strict atmospheric conditions for in vitro culture.…”

Section: Other Microorganisms Shown In Vitro To Resistmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it may be interesting in the future to determine whether the vagina is colonized with freeliving amoebae and whether such colonization may be associated with gynecological infections. The pathogenicity of M. curtisii, which is a commensal inhabitant of the vaginal flora and an established agent of vaginoses (218), might be due to a disequilibrium in the ratio of bacteria to amoebae.…”

Section: Other Microorganisms Shown In Vitro To Resistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms Resistant to Free-Living Amoebae

2004

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Free-living amoebae feed on bacteria, fungi, and algae. However, some microorganisms have evolved to become resistant to these protists. These amoeba-resistant microorganisms include established pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Legionella spp., Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycobacterium avium, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Francisella tularensis, and emerging pathogens, such as Bosea spp., Simkania negevensis, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, and Legionella-like amoebal pathogens. Some of these amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB) are lytic for their amoebal host, while others are considered endosymbionts, since a stable host-parasite ratio is maintained. Free-living amoebae represent an important reservoir of ARB and may, while encysted, protect the internalized bacteria from chlorine and other biocides. Free-living amoebae may act as a Trojan horse, bringing hidden ARB within the human “Troy,” and may produce vesicles filled with ARB, increasing their transmission potential. Free-living amoebae may also play a role in the selection of virulence traits and in adaptation to survival in macrophages. Thus, intra-amoebal growth was found to enhance virulence, and similar mechanisms seem to be implicated in the survival of ARB in response to both amoebae and macrophages. Moreover, free-living amoebae represent a useful tool for the culture of some intracellular bacteria and new bacterial species that might be potential emerging pathogens

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“…There are data that Mobiluncus spp. have never been isolated in pure cultures, but only in mixed cultures with other anaerobes in vaginal samples predominantly from patients with BV or pelvic inflammatory disease, or from amniotic fluid; however, the data's clinical significance is as of yet unclear (4,9,29). An investigation in rhesus macaques revealed that most of the tested animals carried such microorganisms, especially M. curtisii, in their vaginal ecosystem, which were harbored together with Gardnerella-like bacteria (9,30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR detection of problematic pathogens of clinically heterogeneous bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women

Tosheva-Daskalova¹,

Mitov²,

Gergova³

2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of problematic pathogens and the clinical status of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV).Materials and methods: Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Mobiluncus spp. were detected using a multiplex PCR assay, and their role in the infection of Bulgarian women with clinically heterogeneous BV was evaluated. Results:The predominant BV-associated pathogen identified was G. vaginalis with an incidence of 98.39%, followed by A. vaginae (68.05%) and Mobiluncus spp. at 17.01%. The coexistence of A. vaginae and G. vaginalis was more common in women with discharge (in 72.04%) and in patients with chronic recurrent BV than among asymptomatic or newly diagnosed BV cases (P < 0.05). Mobiluncus spp. was detected mostly in coinfections, in association with Trichomonas vaginalis. The coinfections were predominantly related to recurrent BV and with complications (P < 0.05). Conclusion:This is the first study about the correlation between problematic pathogens and clinically heterogeneous BV in Bulgarian women. High frequency of infection with key BV-related pathogens was observed in childbearing women. The incidence was shown to often correlate with coexistent T. vaginalis, with severity of infection, and with complicated and recurrent BV after unsuccessful treatments. Screening should be considered in reproductive health programs.

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Prevalence of Mobiluncus spp Among Women With and Without Bacterial Vaginosis as Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Changes in Vaginal Bacterial Concentrations with Intravaginal Metronidazole Therapy for Bacterial Vaginosis as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

Changes in Vaginal Bacterial Concentrations with Intravaginal Metronidazole Therapy for Bacterial Vaginosis as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

Microorganisms Resistant to Free-Living Amoebae

Multiplex PCR detection of problematic pathogens of clinically heterogeneous bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women

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