Prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates

Yusof, Mohammed F.; Eltahir, Yassir Mohammed; Serhan, Wissam S.; Hashem, Farouk M.; Elsayed, Elsaeid A.; Marzoug, Bahaaeldin A.; Abdelazim, Assem; Bensalah, Oum Keltoum; Muhairi, Salama Suhail Al

doi:10.1007/s11262-015-1174-0

Cited by 65 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The mixing of dromedaries underpins interaction between infectious and susceptible individuals and therefore the dynamics of MERS-CoV transmission. Live markets and abattoirs which both had higher prevalence of RNA shedding compared to other site-types in multiple studies, are key locations for animal mixing Yusof et al, 2015;Sabir et al, 2016;Miguel et al, 2017). Quantitative data describing the movement and trading patterns of dromedary populations will be essential for informing models and considering where potential vaccination should take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The available studies exhibit differences in study design, criteria for seropositivity, sample-site type and sample population characteristics. Some studies report that the latter two variables are associated with statistically significant differences in seroprevalence or prevalence of infection within individual studies Yusof et al, 2015;Sabir et al, 2016;Ali et al, 2017a, b;Miguel et al, 2017;van Doremalen et al, 2017 Implementing MERS-CoV vaccination in dromedaries will be challenging. First, since MERS-CoV infection does not cause significant disease in camels, a dromedary vaccine will be implemented solely for the purpose of preventing human infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our search found that dromedary populations in 16 countries have been tested for MERS-CoV RNA, 13 of which report positive results indicating active infection. These include KSA (0.12-56%) (Alagaili et al, 2014;Khalafalla et al, 2015;Sabir et al, 2016;Alfuwaires et al, 2017;Kasem et al, 2018a, b), UAE (0-29% (Wernery et al, 2015a, b;Yusof et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017;Yusof et al, 2017) or 0-100% if dromedaries epidemiologically linked to human MERS-CoV cases are included(Al Hammadi et al, 2015;Muhairi et al, 2016;Paden et al, 2018)), Qatar (22-79%) Reusken et al, 2014a;Farag et al, 2015;Mohran et al, 2016), Oman (7%) (Nowotny and Kolodziejek, 2014), Iraq (15%) (Al Salihi and Alrodhan, 2017), and Jordan (62%) (van Doremalen et al, 2017), as well as Egypt (4-15%) , Ali et al, 2017a, Ethiopia (10%) (Miguel et al, 2017), Kenya (0.35-0.95%) (Kiambi et al, 2018;Ommeh et al, 2018), Nigeria (3-11%) So et al, 2018), Burkina Faso (5%) (Miguel et al, 2017), Morocco (2%) (Miguel et al, 2017), and Pakistan (3%) . See Fig.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in KSA sampled both local and imported dromedaries within live animal markets found that locally-reared animals had significantly higher prevalence of viral shedding (Sabir et al, 2016). Overall, three studies reported abattoirs and one reported wholesale markets to be associated with an increase in measured prevalence of shedding compared to villages, farms and quarantines (Yusof et al, 2015;Sabir et al, 2016;Alfuwaires et al, 2017;Miguel et al, 2017). Much like seroprevalence, RNA positivity was significantly higher in dromedaries bred for meat or milk compared with those used as transport in Burkina Faso, Morocco and Ethiopia, and shedding was higher amongst females, albeit sex and function were highly correlated (Miguel et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sample Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is driven by recurring dromedary-to-human spill-over events, leading decision-makers to consider dromedary vaccination. Dromedary vaccine candidates in the development pipeline are showing hopeful results, but gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in dromedaries must be addressed to design and evaluate potential vaccination strategies. We aim to bring together existing measures of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels to assess the distribution of infection, highlighting knowledge gaps and implications for animal vaccination. We systematically reviewed the published literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science that reported seroprevalence and/or prevalence of active MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. 60 studies met our eligibility criteria. Qualitative syntheses determined that MERS-CoV seroprevalence increased with age up to 80-100% in adult dromedaries supporting geographically widespread endemicity of MERS-CoV in dromedaries in both the Arabian Peninsula and countries exporting dromedaries from Africa. The high prevalence of active infection measured in juveniles and at sites where dromedary populations mix should guide further investigation -particularly of dromedary movement -and inform vaccination strategy design and evaluation through mathematical modelling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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“…An earlier study in Saudi Arabia by Briese et al [18] showed that the whole genome sequence of viruses obtained from humans and camels were almost identical. It was suggested that the virus is transmitted to humans via direct contact with animals, especially dromedary camels in the Middle East [14,[19][20][21][22]. Human-to-human transmission is usually via direct contact with affected individuals and is higher among household and in healthcare settings [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

et al. 2018

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been recognized as a highly pathogenic virus to humans that infects the respiratory tract and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies in animal models suggest that MERS-CoV infection induces a strong inflammatory response, which may be related to the severity of disease. Data showing the cytokine profiles in humans during the acute phase of MERS-CoV infection are limited. In this study, we have analyzed the profile of cytokine responses in plasma samples from patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infections (n = 7) compared to healthy controls (n = 13). The cytokine profiles, including T helper (Th) 1, Th2 and Th17 responses, were analyzed using cytometric bead array (CBA). A prominent pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 response was clearly seen in patients with MERS-CoV infection, with markedly increased concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15 and IL-17 compared to controls. IL-12 expression levels showed no difference between patients with MERS-CoV infection and the healthy controls despite the significantly increased levels of IFN-α2 and IFN-γ (P < .01). No changes were observed in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TGF-α (P > .05). Our results demonstrate a marked pro-inflammatory cytokine response during the acute phase of MERS-CoV infection in humans.

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Coronaviruses in farm animals: Epidemiology and public health implications

Khbou

Jedidi

Zaafouri

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are documented in a wide range of animal species, including terrestrial and aquatic, domestic and wild. The geographic distribution of animal CoVs is worldwide and prevalences were reported in several countries across the five continents. The viruses are known to cause mainly gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases with different severity levels. In certain cases, CoV infections are responsible of huge economic losses associated or not to highly public health impact. Despite being enveloped, CoVs are relatively resistant pathogens in the environment. Coronaviruses are characterized by a high mutation and recombination rate, which makes host jumping and cross‐species transmission easy. In fact, increasing contact between different animal species fosters cross‐species transmission, while agriculture intensification, animal trade and herd management are key drivers at the human‐animal interface. If contacts with wild animals are still limited, humans have much more contact with farm animals, during breeding, transport, slaughter and food process, making CoVs a persistent threat to both humans and animals. A global network should be established for the surveillance and monitoring of animal CoVs.

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Prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

Coronaviruses in farm animals: Epidemiology and public health implications

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