Prevalence of Middle Ear Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Children under 5 Years in Gasabo District of Kigali City, Rwanda

Mukara, Kaitesi Batamuliza; Lilford, Richard; Tucci, Debara L.; Waiswa, Peter

doi:10.1155/2017/4280583

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In our study population, however, otorrhoea affected both children with an uneducated or an educated family background, as 21% of the children's parents/primary caregivers had no or only primary education while 16% had university-level education. Unlike in a recent African study from Mukara et al from Rwanda [10], we did not observe a statistical association between length of otorrhoea and education level in the family. In Angola, improved knowledge of AOM and CSOM is likely needed across the entire population regardless of education level.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, however, the median time of U-5 children to seek consultation was shorter (median 1 to 3 months) than the findings from Tiedt et al from South Africa, where most U-5 children suffered from symptoms for 18 months [21]. In addition to difficulties in seeking and accessing care in Africa, the long duration of otorrhoea also suggests that both AOM and CSOM are not well recognised in Africa [10,22]. In Africa, CSOM is often associated with poverty [8,23].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…CSOM causes most of the otorrhoea in LMICs [10,19]. In most patients (88%), otorrhoea originated from behind the perforated TM, leading to the diagnosis of CSOM and AOM in 72% and 16% of the patients, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppurative otitis media in Angola: clinical and demographic features

Filipe

Karppinen

Kuatoko

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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objective To describe the demographics and clinical findings in patients with otorrhoea in Angola. methods A total of 411 patients with otorrhoea presenting in the ear, nose and throat clinic in Luanda and healthcare centres in other Angolan provinces underwent interview and clinical examination. We describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients. results The majority (64%) of patients were children <15 years (age ranged from 1 month to 77 years; median age 10.9 years) while 31% were children <5 years. In 83% of the patients, otorrhoea had lasted >14 days at the time of the examination indicating chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), which was confirmed with otoscopy in 72% of patients. Acute otitis media occurred in 16% of patients and was more common in children than in adults (22% vs. 10%; P = 0.007). Median duration of otorrhoea was >12 months. Earache (67%), fever (20%), dizziness (17%), nausea and/or vomiting (6%) were the main symptoms. Adult patients reported noticing hearing impairment (HI) more often than the parents of child patients (72% vs. 50%; P < 0.0001). Reported HI correlated with otorrhoea duration (P < 0.0001), presence of earache, dizziness, and measles or meningitis in history. The level of education in the family did not correlate with symptom duration. conclusions Otorrhoea is mainly due to CSOM and affects patients long-term in Angola. Otorrhoea duration is the strongest predictor of HI. Education on OM and its treatment is needed to prevent HI. keywords Africa, Angola, chronic suppurative otitis media, hearing loss, low-and middle-income country, otorrhoea Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

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Suppurative otitis media in Angola: clinical and demographic features

Filipe

Karppinen

Kuatoko

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Rwanda describing reasons for late care seeking for CSOM. This is a common condition and comparative studies show that majority of people with long standing CSOM or those with ear infections globally reside in developing countries [ 2 , 16 ] and specifically in rural areas [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Delayed Care Seeking for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Rwandan Tertiary Hospital

Nshimirimana

Mukara

2018

International Journal of Otolaryngology

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Background Chronic suppurative otitis media causes serious lifelong consequences when treatment is delayed. Early detection and effective treatment result in a good outcome and possible complications are thus avoided. The aim of this study was to determine the factors resulting in delayed care seeking for treatment of CSOM. Method and Patient The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Rwanda. A questionnaire was used to collect data of patients diagnosed with CSOM who attended ENT Department during the study period. We defined delayed care seeking as seeking treatment 6 months after onset of symptoms. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS 16.0. Result This study enrolled 109 patients, 97 (88.9%) of whom had delays in care seeking. Majority were young adults ranging between 21 and 30 years (39.2%) while 58.8% were rural residents. Fifty-eight patients (56.9%) of those with delayed presentation used traditional medicine. The main reason for delayed care seeking was low knowledge of CSOM reported by 88 (90.7%) patients. Conclusion This study shows that majority of patients with delayed care seeking are young adult patients. There is low knowledge concerning this disease and this significantly contributes to delayed care seeking.

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“…In Sub-Saharan Africa, these range from 0.4% to 4.2%. [28] Overall, CSOM is considered to be the most common cause of persistent mild to moderate HL among children and young people in developing countries and causes HL in more than 50% of those affected. [29] Smith WA et al, (1996) found that while 64% of schoolchildren with CSOM had HL, only 3.4% of children without CSOM had HL.…”

Section: Primary Ear and Hearing Care (Pehc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing Lossin resource-limited settings: The Silent Overlooked Epidemic In Sub-Saharan African Children

Mukara¹,

Kyamanywa²

2019

Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences

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Hearing Impairment is the most common disability reported worldwide and its consequences profoundly affect quality of life while impacting heavily on the economy. Despite this acknowledgement, priorities for healthcare in developing countries fall heavily on conditions such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV, thus shifting attention away from other diseases and disabilities. The objective of this review was to outline key priority areas that should inform drafting policies for hearing impairment in developing countries. We undertook a literature search on PubMed, Google scholar, HINARI and Web of Science for publications discussing hearing loss in low-and middle-income countries. Search terms included "hearing loss", "primary ear hearing care", "hearing loss policies", "hearing loss prevention", "hearing loss causes" and "hearing loss detection". We did not limit the publication period. However, we excluded all publications whose content did not contribute to the objective of our work. Our findings are discussed and recommendations given

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Prevalence of Middle Ear Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Children under 5 Years in Gasabo District of Kigali City, Rwanda

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Suppurative otitis media in Angola: clinical and demographic features

Suppurative otitis media in Angola: clinical and demographic features

Causes of Delayed Care Seeking for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Rwandan Tertiary Hospital

Hearing Lossin resource-limited settings: The Silent Overlooked Epidemic In Sub-Saharan African Children

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