Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents with varying degrees of obesity

Calcaterra, Valeria; Klersy, Catherine; Muratori, T.; Telli, Stefania; Caramagna, C.; Siu-Paredes, Francesca; Cisternino, Mariangela; Larizza, Daniela

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03115.x

Cited by 127 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Obese patients have a three-fold increased risk of developing the MS with respect to overweight patients (21) . The present study found that the prevalence of the MS among female Kuwaiti adolescents was 14·8 and 9·1 %, according to the IDF and ATP III, respectively, which is high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kuwait, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity has been found to be 30·9 and 13·9 %, respectively, among adolescents aged 10-14 years, which probably increased through the years due to the effects of modernisation, increased food consumption and sedentary lifestyles (2,3) . The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28·6 and 7·9 %, respectively, among Qatari adolescents (4) , 21·5 and 13·7 % in United Arab Emirates (5) and in Saudi Arabia the prevalence of obesity ranged from 33·9 % in Ha'il to 11·7 % in Jizan.Overweight and obesity are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS) (6) , even in children (7) . The MS has been shown to be associated with a variety of morbid conditions, chief among which are CVD or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (8) ; it doubles the risk for CVD and further raises the risk for T2DM by about 5-fold (9) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among female Kuwaiti adolescents using two different criteria

2009

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Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in Kuwait and they are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study aims to assess the prevalence of the MS among Kuwaiti female adolescents aged 10 -19 years. A cross-sectional random sample of 431, apparently healthy, Kuwaiti female adolescents drawn from several randomly selected schools was studied for the prevalence of the MS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) modified for age diagnostic criteria. Clinical assessment included measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL and TAG. Whichever criteria are used, the prevalence of the MS among female Kuwaiti adolescents was found to be high, which indicates an urgent need for intervention programmes to prevent increased CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The IDF criteria tend to give higher values for the prevalence of the MS in comparison with the modified ATP III criteria (14·8 v. 9·1 %). There have been no diagnostic criteria specific for the MS for the Gulf Arab population as yet. The prevalence of overweight (BMI $ 25 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI $ 30 kg/m 2 ) has been on the increase in the Gulf Arab population, primarily among children, adolescents and young adults (1) . In Kuwait, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity has been found to be 30·9 and 13·9 %, respectively, among adolescents aged 10-14 years, which probably increased through the years due to the effects of modernisation, increased food consumption and sedentary lifestyles (2,3) . The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28·6 and 7·9 %, respectively, among Qatari adolescents (4) , 21·5 and 13·7 % in United Arab Emirates (5) and in Saudi Arabia the prevalence of obesity ranged from 33·9 % in Ha'il to 11·7 % in Jizan.Overweight and obesity are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS) (6) , even in children (7) . The MS has been shown to be associated with a variety of morbid conditions, chief among which are CVD or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (8) ; it doubles the risk for CVD and further raises the risk for T2DM by about 5-fold (9) . According to the WHO, non-communicable diseases, including CVD and T2DM, were responsible for 52 % of the Eastern Mediterranean region's disease burden in 2006, and expected to rise to 60 % by 2020 (10) . In adults, mortality resulting from CVD is significantly higher with the MS than those not suffering from the MS (11) . Paediatric MS predicts significantly the MS and T2DM 25 to 30 years later (12) , and predicts CVD 25 years later (13) . Furthermore, the MS was found highly associated with increased CVD and all-cause mortality even in the absence of previous history of CVD and diabetes (14) , especially with the combination of elevated waist circumference, elevated glucose, either elevated blood pressure or elevated TAG, and the combination of all four of these MS individual parameters (15) . Waist circumference is a simple measure by which abdominal ob...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among female Kuwaiti adolescents using two different criteria

2009

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“…Furthermore, the MS prevalence increases with the severity of obesity and reaches 50% in severely obese children (2). Increasing evidence suggests that numerous endocrine peptides, interleukins (IL), and cytokines, which are secreted mostly from adipose tissue, play a role in both short-and longterm energy balance, metabolism, and inflammatory response (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Arrigo

Chirico

Salpietro

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Introduction: Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays a key role in inflammation and immunostimulatory and chemotactic processes. The aim of the study was to assess the role of HMGB1 in obese children and to evaluate its diagnostic profile in identifying childhood obesity-related complications, such as the metabolic syndrome (MS). Patients and methods: Sixty obese children were enrolled and compared with 40 healthy children (control). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, thyroid hormones, and pro-and anti-inflammatory peptides such as C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL6), IL18, IL23, TNFa, resistin, and HMGB1 were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was employed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) for HMGB1, IL6, and adiponectin to find the best cutoff values capable of identifying MS in obese children. Results: HMGB1 levels were statistically higher in obese patients than in the control group (19.4G6.8 vs 3.7G1.2 ng/ml; P!0.0001). In obese patients, IL18, IL6, and resistin levels were significantly high, while adiponectin levels were low. At multivariate analysis, HMGB1 was found to be independently correlated with BMI, IL23, IL6, free triiodothyronine, HDL, and HOMA-IR. At ROC analysis, HMGB1 showed higher sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 0. 992; sensitivity, 94.7%; specificity, 97.5%) than IL6 and adiponectin in identifying MS in obese children. Conclusion: HMGB1 plays an important role in the inflammatory process associated with childhood obesity. This peptide may be an important diagnostic marker for obesity-related complications, such as MS.

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“…Studies have shown that children and adolescents who are obese are at greater risk for bone and joint problems, sleep apnoea, and social and psychological problems compared with their normal-weight peers (2)(3)(4) . Childhood obesity has also been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemias, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (5)(6)(7)(8) .…”

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Physical activity, sedentary behaviours and dietary habits among Kuwaiti adolescents: gender differences

Allafi

Al-Haifi²,

Alfayez³

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study was designed to assess physical activity, sedentary behaviours and dietary habits among adolescents in Kuwait and to compare the differences between genders. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary-school children who participated in the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS), a multi-centre collaborative project. Setting: Secondary schools in Kuwait. Subjects: Adolescents (463 boys and 443 girls), aged 14-19 years. Results: Nearly half (44?6 %) of the boys and three-quarters (76?0 %) of the girls did not meet the recommended daily physical activity levels ($2520 MET-min/week, moderate to vigorous intensity). Nearly all (96?3 % of boys and 96?7 % of girls) adolescents reported spending .2 h/d on screen time, with girls found to spend more time per day watching television (P 5 0?02) and using a computer (P , 0?001). The large majority of the adolescents reported skipping breakfast and not having milk and milk products, vegetables and fruit daily, while nearly two-thirds of the boys and girls had sugar-sweetened drinks on more than 3 d/week. Compared with girls, boys reported consuming more fruit (3?4 v. 2?8 times/week, P 5 0?001), dairy products (4?5 v. 3?6 times/week, P 5 0?001) and energy drinks (1?3 v.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents with varying degrees of obesity

Abstract: The prevalence of the MS is higher in obese as opposed to nonobese subjects and increases with severity of obesity.

Cited by 127 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among female Kuwaiti adolescents using two different criteria

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among female Kuwaiti adolescents using two different criteria

High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Physical activity, sedentary behaviours and dietary habits among Kuwaiti adolescents: gender differences

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