Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Tajikistan

Abstract

Objective. To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adult population of Tajikistan in the example of pilot districts.Material and methods. A total of 1304 individuals (718 women, 586 men, average age 41.1±13.6 years) from Dushanbe city and the pilot districts of Rudaki and Gissar were screened for metabolic syndrome without prior randomization. The diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory indicators according to WHO (1999) and IDF (2005) criteria. All participants provided voluntary written consent to partake in the screening.Results and discussion. Using the WHO criteria, metabolic syndrome was identified in 94 (7.2%) people 38 (6.5%) men and 56 (7.8%) women. Hyperglycemia was detected in 97 (7.4%) respondents with a median fasting glucose level of 7.0 (6.8; 8.3) mmol/L. Increased waist to hip circumference ratio (n=174; 13.3%) was observed twice as often in women (n=117; 16.3%) compared to men (n=57; 9.7%) (p<0.001).Dyslipidemia in the form of increased triglycerides (n=372; 28.5%) or decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (n=77; 5.9%) from reference values was identified in one in four participants.Arterial hypertension of varying severity was present in 20 (1.5%) respondents, with no significant difference between men (n=9; 1.54%) and women (n=11; 1.53%) (p>0.05). The median CAD and MAP in this group of respondents was 140.0 (130.0; 145.0) / 95.0 (90.0; 110.0) mmHg, with no discernible gender disparity.Based on the IDF (2005) criteria, metabolic syndrome was identified in 176 (13.5%) participants: 71 (12.1%) men and 105 (14.6%) women. As participant age increased, there was a corresponding rise in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Thus, among 18-44-year-old respondents (n=820), 39 (4.8%) had metabolic syndrome, among 45-59 year old (n=328) 36 (10.9%), among 60-74 year old (n=150) 17 (11.3%) and among 75-90 year old (n=6) 2 (33.3%).Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome is detected in 7.2-13.5% of the adult population. Young men and middleaged to elderly women are the most affected demographics. Due to the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to strengthen organizational measures for its broad prevention among the general population by promoting a healthy lifestyle, healthy diet, and increasing physical activity.