Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Erectile Dysfunction Among Urologic Patients: Metabolic Backgrounds of Erectile Dysfunction

Bal, Kaan; Oder, Mehmet; Şahin, Ali Feyzullah; Karataş, Cüneyt T.; Demir, Ömer; Can, Ertan; Gümüş, Bilal; Ozer, Kutan; Şahın, Onur; Esen, Adil

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.09.057

Cited by 116 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…7,8 In addition, previous studies have shown a connection among ED, MS and CVD, and the putative mechanism and pathophysiology are thought to be related to endothelial dysfunction. 10,[19][20][21][22] Several reports have shown that the presence and severity of ED are associated with inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction. 23,24 Similar pathogenic involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway leading to the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the early phase, and obstructive vascular changes in the late phase, is shared by ED and other vascular diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk differences for erectile dysfunction patients by three metabolic syndrome definitions

Chu

Pan

et al. 2011

Int J Impot Res

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There is growing evidence of a link between ED, metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study was to explore the prevalence of MS using three different definitions (World Health Organization (WHO), International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III)), and to compare the association of CVD in ED outpatients using these definitions. This study enrolled 254 participants with a mean age of 55.3±0.9 years (range, 21 to 81 years) with ED as diagnosed by International Index of Erectile Function score. All participants underwent MS evaluation based on the three criteria. Differences of MS prevalence, demographical characteristics, biochemical profiles, pro-inflammatory and inflammatory markers, echocardiographic characteristics and the association with Framingham cardiac risk score (FCRS) were compared. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the WHO group and high waist girth in the IDF group were significant because of the necessity of respective criteria. The MS prevalence in the WHO, IDF and ATP III groups was 30.7, 34.3 and 36.6%, respectively (P ¼ 0.367). The degrees of agreement among each definition were substantial to perfect. No significant findings in echocardiographic characteristics, biochemical, inflammatory and pro-inflammatory markers were noted. The FCRS showed borderline nonsignificant difference (17.9 ± 0.4, 16.8 ± 0.4 and 16.9 ± 0.4, P ¼ 0.079); however, the FCRS was more closely correlated with the WHO than with the IDF and ATP III (Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.522, 0.531 and 0.462, respectively; P ¼ 0.021). In patients o 55 years of age and those who smoke, the Spearman's correlation in the WHO group was significantly higher than in the IDF and ATP III groups. The prevalence of the MS using different definitions in ED patients was not different. The WHO-defined MS was more closely associated with CVD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22,27). In addition, Esposito et al 22 illustrated that subjects with MS, in comparison with an age-and weight-matched control group, had an increased ED prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk differences for erectile dysfunction patients by three metabolic syndrome definitions

Chu

Pan

et al. 2011

Int J Impot Res

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“…84 As anticipated, the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are associated with ED. 85,86 In the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, ED was predictive of the presence of the metabolic syndrome only in nonobese men. In obese men, this association disappeared.…”

Section: Obesity Metabolic Syndrome Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction

et al. 2008

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Obesity is an important risk factor for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancer and erectile dysfunction (ED). Adipose tissues produce a number of adipokines and cytokines, which affect endothelial and metabolic function resulting in insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (risks factors for CVD). Both ED and metabolic syndrome improve with a reduction in body mass index (BMI). The relationships among obesity, metabolic syndrome, ED, sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG) and serum total and free testosterone levels are complex and often confusing to the physician. It is known that BMI is inversely proportional to serum total testosterone concentrations; low serum SHBG levels in obesity contribute to the low serum total testosterone. Recent studies show that BMI is also inversely proportional to free testosterone concentration. The characteristic low serum testosterone concentrations observed in obese men are also present in men with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A small proportion of men with ED have hypogonadism; however, the proportion increases if these men are obese with manifestations of the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. ED is a common symptom in patients with type 2 diabetes who also have low testosterone levels. This review describes the relationships between low serum testosterone concentrations and ED in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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“…3 Factors such as age, smoking, presence of dyslipidemia and obesity are well established in literature [14][15][16] and there has been a significant association between erectile dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. 17 Bal et al 18 conducted a study involving men aged between 40 and 70 years and found that the presence of metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with the presence of erectile dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erectile dysfunction association with physical activity level and physical fitness in men aged 40–75 years

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between physical activity level and physical fitness with erectile dysfunction in men aged 40-75 years. We examined 180 men aged 40-75 years. The individuals were evaluated for age, presence of dyslipidemia and smoking and for anthropometric parameters for the characterization of body mass index. For assessing the level of physical fitness, a test was performed to measure the indirect maximum oxygen consumption. The evaluation of erectile function was made by the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire and assessment of physical activity level by the International Physical Activity questionnaire in its short version. This study showed that younger men with higher physical activity and better physical fitness are less likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction. Multivariable analysis through logistic regression showed that age (odds ratio (OD) ¼ 1.15; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) ¼ 1.07-1.23), physical activity (OD ¼ 10.38; 95% CI ¼ 3.94-27.39) and physical fitness (OD ¼ 4.62; 95% CI ¼ 1.75-12.25) were independent variables associated with erectile dysfunction. This study reinforces the concept that healthy habits have a direct effect on erectile function.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Erectile Dysfunction Among Urologic Patients: Metabolic Backgrounds of Erectile Dysfunction

Cited by 116 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk differences for erectile dysfunction patients by three metabolic syndrome definitions

Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk differences for erectile dysfunction patients by three metabolic syndrome definitions

Obesity, low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction association with physical activity level and physical fitness in men aged 40–75 years

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