Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related metabolic traits in an island population of the Adriatic

Deka, Ranjan; Duraković, Zijad; Niu, Wen; Zhang, G.; Karns, Rebekah; Smolej-Narančić, Nina; Missoni, Saša; Caric, Davor; Carić, Tonko; Rudan, Dusko; Salzer, Branka; Chakraborty, Ranajit; Rudan, Pavao

doi:10.3109/03014460.2011.637512

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our study showed a higher prevalence of MetS in the continental region (due to diet), and in urban vs. rural residents (more physical activity). Similar results were shown by a study in Portugal, where a higher prevalence was found in older women in the continental region [30]. The prevalence of MetS, according to the NCEP definition, in the sample of 9 Dalmatian islands in 2006, was 34%, even reaching 47.2% on the island of Vis [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Diversity of metabolic syndrome criteria in association with cardiovascular diseases – a family medicine-based investigation

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThis study compared the association between the 3 definitions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP ATP III), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and shows the prevalence and characteristics of persons with MetS in continental vs. coastal regions and rural vs. urban residence in Croatia.Material/MethodsA prospective multicenter study was conducted on 3245 participants ≥40 years, who visited general practices from May to July 2008 for any reason. This was a cross-sectional study of the Cardiovascular Risk and Intervention Study in Croatia-family medicine project (ISRCTN31857696).ResultsAll analyzed MetS definitions showed an association with CVD, but the strongest was shown by NCEP ATP III; coronary disease OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.80–3.82), cerebrovascular disease OR 2.14 (1.19–3.86), and peripheral artery disease OR 1.55 (1.04–2.32), especially for age and male sex. According to the NCEP ATP III (IDF), the prevalence was 38.7% (45.9%) [15.9% (18.6%) in men, and 22.7% (27.3%) in women, and 28.4% (33.9%) in the continental region, 10.2% (10.9%) in the coastal region, 26.2% (31.5%) in urban areas, and 12.4% (14.4%) in rural areas. Older age, male sex, and residence in the continental area were positively associated with MetS diagnosis according to NCEP ATP III, and current smoking and Mediterranean diet adherence have protective effects.ConclusionsThe NCEP ATP III definition seems to provide the strongest association with CVD and should therefore be preferred for use in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Diversity of metabolic syndrome criteria in association with cardiovascular diseases – a family medicine-based investigation

et al. 2013

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“…Of the publications found, only one publication was about the incidence of MVS [11], 50 articles were about the prevalence , 13 examined the co-ocurrence with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and 29 the coexistence of the MVS with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [14,19,20,23,24,29,30,33,34,38,39,42,43,45,57,63,64,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. There was no study about the natural history of the MVS.…”

Section: Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries

et al. 2017

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The objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the incidence, prevalence and natural history of the metabolic (vascular) syndrome (MVS) among adults in different European countries. Furthermore, we assessed its co-incidence with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). PubMed, MedLine, and EMBASE (via Ovid) were searched for relevant studies. After reading 116 full-text articles to find eligible ones, 66 publications met our inclusion criteria. Data for the incidence are based on a study from Portugal, in which the incidence rate for the MVS was 47.2/1000 person-years. Prevalence varied strongly depending on country and definition. The lowest was found in the United Kingdom (3%), the highest in Finland (71.7%). No article that deals with the natural history of the MVS was found. Considering the co-existence of MVS and T2DM, it ranged between 2% (United Kingdom) and 74.4% (Spain). The co-occurrence of MVS and CVD ranged from 2.8% (Italy) up to 52% (Netherlands). Coronary heart disease (CHD) varied between 1.2% and 44.2%. With regard to peripheral artery disease (PAD), values between 3.3% and 59.8% were found. Due to the many different definitions of the MVS, a comparison is very difficult. Overall prevalence ranged between 3% and 71.7% depending on definition, age, and country. An association between MVS and T2DM as well as several CVD can be assumed.

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“…Our study population derives from a genetic epidemiology study in an isolated island population in the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia, with obesity, hypertension, and MetS rates similar to US populations (15,16,30,31). Croatian islanders are predominantly of Slavic descent, having last emigrated to the Adriatic islands between the 15th and 18th centuries (32).…”

Section: Methodss Population and Phenotypic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over one-third of adult Americans meet the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome [MetS; (1)], a clustering of metabolic disturbances that increase risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The worldwide prevalence of MetS is growing, most notably in developing nations where it follows obesity trends, sedentary lifestyles, and excessive caloric intake (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Although formal definitions of MetS from the World Health Organization (17), National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATPIII (18)], American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (19), and International Diabetes Federation (20) differ somewhat, the most relevant ele-ments of MetS diagnosis are well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, traditional single-trait genetic association testing may be inadequate to determine a variant's impact in a complex disease system. We aimed to improve our understanding of the MetS network through multivariate analyses of an expanded set of metabolic traits and associated GWASderived genetic variants involved in the development of MetS and metabolic diseases in an isolated population with homogenous genetic background and environmental exposures, and a high prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and MetS (15,16,30,31). This objective was accomplished through two steps: 1) determining latent (unmeasured) factors underlying correlated anthropometric and biochemical traits using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA, respectively) and 2) describing the impact of manifest (measured) traits, latent factors, and GWAS-derived variants on MetS and metabolic disease risk through structural equation modeling (SEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling metabolic syndrome through structural equations of metabolic traits, comorbid diseases, and GWAS variants

Karns

Succop

Zhang

et al. 2013

Obesity

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Objective: To provide a quantitative map of relationships between metabolic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) variants, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and metabolic diseases through factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Design and Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected on 1,300 individuals from an eastern Adriatic Croatian island, including 14 anthropometric and biochemical traits, and diagnoses of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, gout, kidney disease, and stroke. MetS was defined based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Forty widely replicated GWAS variants were genotyped. Correlated quantitative traits were reduced through factor analysis; relationships between factors, genetic variants, MetS, and metabolic diseases were determined through SEM. Results: MetS was associated with obesity (P < 0.0001), dyslipidemia (P < 0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P ¼ 0.0013), hypertension (P < 0.0001), and hyperuricemia (P < 0.0001). Of metabolic diseases, MetS was associated with gout (P ¼ 0.024), coronary heart disease was associated with HbA1c (P < 0.0001), and type 2 diabetes was associated with HbA1c (P < 0.0001) and obesity (P ¼ 0.008). Eleven GWAS variants predicted metabolic variables, MetS, and metabolic diseases. Notably, rs7100623 in HHEX/IDE was associated with HbA1c (b ¼ 0.03; P < 0.0001) and type 2 diabetes (b ¼ 0.326; P ¼ 0.0002), underscoring substantial impact on glucose control. Conclusions: Although MetS was associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose control, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, limited ability of MetS to indicate metabolic disease risk is suggested.Obesity (2013) 21, E745-E754.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related metabolic traits in an island population of the Adriatic

Abstract: The Croatian islanders are characterized by a high prevalence of metabolic abnormalities. Central obesity is the strongest contributor of the syndrome. With a high prevalence of dyslipidemia and pro-inflammatory factors, the population is at substantial risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Diversity of metabolic syndrome criteria in association with cardiovascular diseases – a family medicine-based investigation

Diversity of metabolic syndrome criteria in association with cardiovascular diseases – a family medicine-based investigation

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries

Modeling metabolic syndrome through structural equations of metabolic traits, comorbid diseases, and GWAS variants

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